The preceding essay brought Generative Relational Realism to another threshold. Essays 27 and 28 developed the concept of generativity:
What becomes may alter the conditions of what may become next.
Essay 29 then developed the concept of relational agency:
Organized relational participants may contribute through situated responsiveness to what becomes within constrained possibilities.
These propositions belong together.
But they are not identical.
An event may become historically consequential without being produced by an agent. A volcanic eruption may transform an ecosystem. A climatic shift may alter evolutionary possibilities. A chance mutation may enter biological inheritance. None requires deliberative or even biological agency.
Conversely, an agent may act without significantly altering what follows. An animal changes direction. A person moves a chair. A conversation is forgotten. Agency has occurred, but its consequences may remain brief, local, or absorbed into the continuing flow of events.
We therefore need to preserve the distinction Essay 29 established:
Not all efficacy is agency.
Not all agency is deeply generative.
Yet something philosophically important happens when the two meet.
A participant may act within inherited conditions, and what becomes through that participation may itself enter the conditions inherited by subsequent becoming.
At that point, agency enters futurity.
This essay calls that conjunction Generative Agency.
A provisional definition may be stated immediately:
Generative Agency names the capacity of organized relational participants, within inherited constraints and open possibilities, to participate in ways that alter the conditions or possibilities of further becoming.
Generative Agency - GA - is not another metaphysical primitive.
Nothing new needs to be inserted into reality to explain it.
The architecture has already been developed:
Inheritance + Constraint + Openness + Responsiveness + Agency + Generativity + Recursion
Generative Agency describes what becomes possible when these capacities become organized together within relational participants.
This is important because agency alone tells us that a participant can contribute to what occurs.
Generativity tells us that what occurs can become consequential to what follows.
Generative Agency joins them:
Agency concerns participation in what becomes.
Generative Agency concerns participation whose consequences enter further becoming.
The difference is temporal as well as relational.
An agent acts in the present, but the significance of an action need not remain there. What becomes through agency may persist beyond the event that produced it. It may alter an environment, modify another participant, establish a habit, transmit information, reorganize a community, transform an ecosystem, create an institution, preserve a memory, damage a relationship, open a possibility, or close one.
The action passes.
Its consequences may not.
And where consequences persist, they may become part of the world encountered by what comes afterward. This returns us to one of GRR's recurring propositions:
Worlds form participants.
Participants participate in forming worlds.
Until now, that proposition has primarily described reciprocity: Participants emerge from relational worlds and subsequently participate within those worlds.
Generative Agency adds historical depth.
Worlds form participants.
Participants participate in forming worlds.
And sometimes what participants do becomes part of the world inherited by participants yet to come.
This does not mean that every action becomes historically significant.
Most do not.
Nor does it mean that generative agency necessarily produces richer, better, or more complex futures.
A participant can enlarge possibilities.
It can also diminish them.
Agency may preserve, create, cooperate, cultivate, teach, heal, construct, and renew. But agency may also destroy, dominate, fragment, exhaust, extinguish, and foreclose.
Generative does not mean good.
That safeguard is indispensable.
The generative asymmetry developed in Essays 27 and 28 concerned the capacity of some relational achievements to become conditions for possibilities unavailable before. But altered futurity may involve expansion, contraction, redirection, fragmentation, or loss. A new possibility may appear while others disappear. An achievement for one participant may become a constraint upon another. What becomes consequential may prove creative, destructive, or profoundly ambiguous.
Generative Agency therefore cannot yet become an ethical category.
That transition will require something further: participants capable not merely of affecting futurity, but of interpreting their participation, anticipating consequences, evaluating possibilities, and asking how they ought to participate.
That inquiry belongs to the next Essay 31.
For now, our concern remains metaphysical.
What happens when relational participants become capable not merely of responding within worlds but of participating in ways that alter the conditions from which further worlds become?
The answer may be one of the most consequential implications of GRR. For if relational participants can become conditions within the becoming of other participants, then agency is not merely activity occurring inside reality. Agency can participate in the ongoing formation of reality's relational fields.
The participant remains conditioned.
The participant remains finite.
The participant remains dependent upon worlds it did not create and relations it cannot control.
Yet within those conditions, its participation may matter beyond itself.
The seed offers an instructive image.
A seed does not contain its completed future. It inherits an organization through which certain futures may become possible within appropriate relations. Soil, water, atmosphere, sunlight, microorganisms, climate, competition, accident, and innumerable other conditions participate in whatever becomes.
But the movement does not end with the environment forming the organism.
The organism also enters the environment consequentially.
Roots reorganize soil. Leaves alter light and moisture. Branches become habitats. Flowers enter relations with pollinators. Fruit feeds other organisms. Seeds disperse. Death returns material to the soil. What emerged from a relational world becomes one of the relations through which that world continues becoming.
The tree was formed by a world. The tree participates in forming a world. And sometimes the altered world becomes the inherited condition of trees not yet grown.
This is the recursive structure toward which Generative Agency points.
What becomes through participation may become a condition for further participation.
The architecture therefore bends back upon itself:
Inheritance → Constraint → Openness → Responsiveness → Agency → Consequence → Altered Conditions → Further Possibility → Further Becoming
And further becoming becomes inheritance again.
No single participant controls this recursion. No participant knows all the consequences entering it. No action determines the whole future. Yet control is not required for consequence, just as sovereignty was not required for agency.
Essay 29 established:
A participant can contribute without controlling.
Essay 30 now adds:
A participant can become consequential without determining what its consequences will become.
That distinction will matter throughout this inquiry.
Generative Agency is therefore neither sovereign creation nor merely passive causation. It occupies the relational middle:
participants inherit worlds, respond within them, alter them to varying degrees, and sometimes leave behind conditions that enter possibilities beyond themselves.
Thus the movement that has gradually emerged across these essays can now be stated:
Freedom makes otherwise possible.
Agency participates in realizing otherwise.
Generativity makes otherwise consequential.
Inheritance carries consequence forward.
When these belong together within the activity of relational participants, we arrive at the subject of this essay:
Generative Agency.
The question before us is no longer merely whether participants can make a difference.
It is deeper:
When does the difference made by a participant become part of the conditions from which further becoming proceeds?
That is where participation enters futurity.
Earlier capacities are inherited and reorganized; their coordination makes new forms of participation possible, and those forms may introduce new kinds and scales of consequence
into further becoming.
It tells us that participation may alter futurity, but it cannot tell us which possibilities
ought to be preserved, enlarged, resisted, transformed, or closed.
The same relational capacities through which participants may cultivate richer worlds
may also diminish the worlds available to others.
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Whitehead, Alfred North. Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology. Corrected ed. Edited by David Ray Griffin and Donald W. Sherburne. New York: Free Press, 1978.
Emergence, Constraint, and Generativity
Deacon, Terrence W. Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.
Juarrero, Alicia. Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as a Complex System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
Juarrero, Alicia. Context Changes Everything: How Constraints Create Coherence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2023.
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Biological Agency, Autonomy, and Organism–Environment Relations
Di Paolo, Ezequiel A. “Autopoiesis, Adaptivity, Teleology, Agency.” Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 4, no. 4 (2005): 429–452.
Godfrey-Smith, Peter. Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Moreno, Alvaro, and Matteo Mossio. Biological Autonomy: A Philosophical and Theoretical Enquiry. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015.
Thompson, Evan. Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.
Niche Construction and Reciprocal Becoming
Laland, Kevin N., John Odling-Smee, and Marcus W. Feldman. “Cultural Niche Construction and Human Evolution.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14, no. 1 (2001): 22–33.
Lewontin, Richard C. The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism, and Environment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Odling-Smee, F. John, Kevin N. Laland, and Marcus W. Feldman. Niche Construction: The Neglected Process in Evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Agency Across Scales
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De Jaegher, Hanne, and Ezequiel Di Paolo. “Participatory Sense-Making: An Enactive Approach to Social Cognition.” Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 6 (2007): 485–507.
Kauffman, Stuart A., and Philip Clayton. “On Emergence, Agency, and Organization.” Biology and Philosophy 21 (2006): 501–521.
Inheritance, Culture, and Cumulative Consequence
Boyd, Robert, and Peter J. Richerson. Culture and the Evolutionary Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
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Tomasello, Michael. The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Ecological and Evolutionary Inheritance
Laland, Kevin N., Tobias Uller, Marcus W. Feldman, Kim Sterelny, Gerd B. Müller, Armin Moczek, Eva Jablonka, and John Odling-Smee. “The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: Its Structure, Assumptions and Predictions.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1813 (2015): 20151019.
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Generative Agency, Ethics, and the Threshold of Responsibility
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Mead, George Herbert. The Philosophy of the Present. Edited by Arthur E. Murphy. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company, 1932.
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