Quotes & Sayings


We, and creation itself, actualize the possibilities of the God who sustains the world, towards becoming in the world in a fuller, more deeper way. - R.E. Slater

There is urgency in coming to see the world as a web of interrelated processes of which we are integral parts, so that all of our choices and actions have [consequential effects upon] the world around us. - Process Metaphysician Alfred North Whitehead

Kurt Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem says (i) all closed systems are unprovable within themselves and, that (ii) all open systems are rightly understood as incomplete. - R.E. Slater

The most true thing about you is what God has said to you in Christ, "You are My Beloved." - Tripp Fuller

The God among us is the God who refuses to be God without us, so great is God's Love. - Tripp Fuller

According to some Christian outlooks we were made for another world. Perhaps, rather, we were made for this world to recreate, reclaim, redeem, and renew unto God's future aspiration by the power of His Spirit. - R.E. Slater

Our eschatological ethos is to love. To stand with those who are oppressed. To stand against those who are oppressing. It is that simple. Love is our only calling and Christian Hope. - R.E. Slater

Secularization theory has been massively falsified. We don't live in an age of secularity. We live in an age of explosive, pervasive religiosity... an age of religious pluralism. - Peter L. Berger

Exploring the edge of life and faith in a post-everything world. - Todd Littleton

I don't need another reason to believe, your love is all around for me to see. – Anon

Thou art our need; and in giving us more of thyself thou givest us all. - Khalil Gibran, Prayer XXIII

Be careful what you pretend to be. You become what you pretend to be. - Kurt Vonnegut

Religious beliefs, far from being primary, are often shaped and adjusted by our social goals. - Jim Forest

We become who we are by what we believe and can justify. - R.E. Slater

People, even more than things, need to be restored, renewed, revived, reclaimed, and redeemed; never throw out anyone. – Anon

Certainly, God's love has made fools of us all. - R.E. Slater

An apocalyptic Christian faith doesn't wait for Jesus to come, but for Jesus to become in our midst. - R.E. Slater

Christian belief in God begins with the cross and resurrection of Jesus, not with rational apologetics. - Eberhard Jüngel, Jürgen Moltmann

Our knowledge of God is through the 'I-Thou' encounter, not in finding God at the end of a syllogism or argument. There is a grave danger in any Christian treatment of God as an object. The God of Jesus Christ and Scripture is irreducibly subject and never made as an object, a force, a power, or a principle that can be manipulated. - Emil Brunner

“Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh” means "I will be that who I have yet to become." - God (Ex 3.14) or, conversely, “I AM who I AM Becoming.”

Our job is to love others without stopping to inquire whether or not they are worthy. - Thomas Merton

The church is God's world-changing social experiment of bringing unlikes and differents to the Eucharist/Communion table to share life with one another as a new kind of family. When this happens, we show to the world what love, justice, peace, reconciliation, and life together is designed by God to be. The church is God's show-and-tell for the world to see how God wants us to live as a blended, global, polypluralistic family united with one will, by one Lord, and baptized by one Spirit. – Anon

The cross that is planted at the heart of the history of the world cannot be uprooted. - Jacques Ellul

The Unity in whose loving presence the universe unfolds is inside each person as a call to welcome the stranger, protect animals and the earth, respect the dignity of each person, think new thoughts, and help bring about ecological civilizations. - John Cobb & Farhan A. Shah

If you board the wrong train it is of no use running along the corridors of the train in the other direction. - Dietrich Bonhoeffer

God's justice is restorative rather than punitive; His discipline is merciful rather than punishing; His power is made perfect in weakness; and His grace is sufficient for all. – Anon

Our little [biblical] systems have their day; they have their day and cease to be. They are but broken lights of Thee, and Thou, O God art more than they. - Alfred Lord Tennyson

We can’t control God; God is uncontrollable. God can’t control us; God’s love is uncontrolling! - Thomas Jay Oord

Life in perspective but always in process... as we are relational beings in process to one another, so life events are in process in relation to each event... as God is to Self, is to world, is to us... like Father, like sons and daughters, like events... life in process yet always in perspective. - R.E. Slater

To promote societal transition to sustainable ways of living and a global society founded on a shared ethical framework which includes respect and care for the community of life, ecological integrity, universal human rights, respect for diversity, economic justice, democracy, and a culture of peace. - The Earth Charter Mission Statement

Christian humanism is the belief that human freedom, individual conscience, and unencumbered rational inquiry are compatible with the practice of Christianity or even intrinsic in its doctrine. It represents a philosophical union of Christian faith and classical humanist principles. - Scott Postma

It is never wise to have a self-appointed religious institution determine a nation's moral code. The opportunities for moral compromise and failure are high; the moral codes and creeds assuredly racist, discriminatory, or subjectively and religiously defined; and the pronouncement of inhumanitarian political objectives quite predictable. - R.E. Slater

God's love must both center and define the Christian faith and all religious or human faiths seeking human and ecological balance in worlds of subtraction, harm, tragedy, and evil. - R.E. Slater

In Whitehead’s process ontology, we can think of the experiential ground of reality as an eternal pulse whereby what is objectively public in one moment becomes subjectively prehended in the next, and whereby the subject that emerges from its feelings then perishes into public expression as an object (or “superject”) aiming for novelty. There is a rhythm of Being between object and subject, not an ontological division. This rhythm powers the creative growth of the universe from one occasion of experience to the next. This is the Whiteheadian mantra: “The many become one and are increased by one.” - Matthew Segall

Without Love there is no Truth. And True Truth is always Loving. There is no dichotomy between these terms but only seamless integration. This is the premier centering focus of a Processual Theology of Love. - R.E. Slater

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Note: Generally I do not respond to commentary. I may read the comments but wish to reserve my time to write (or write from the comments I read). Instead, I'd like to see our community help one another and in the helping encourage and exhort each of us towards Christian love in Christ Jesus our Lord and Savior. - re slater

Showing posts with label God and Theology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label God and Theology. Show all posts

Sunday, March 16, 2025

Maga's Evil Christian God is Unwanted Here



Maga's Evil Christian God is Unwanted Here

by R.E. Slater

It has become painfully obvious to me that the bible is the story of God "as the ancients had believed God to be" in their thoughts and imaginations. More so, we today are not alleviated of this soul task of imagining the kind of God which is present amongst us given this life's trials and challenges and ills. Especially now as American culture has become affectedly changed by maga Christianity.

In past recent posts it was flatly stated that the bible's cultural settings had affected ancient man's religious beliefs as much as our current cultural settings affect our beliefs about God and Christian duty today. As we look around ourselves trying to account for all we see and hear we see incongruencies to the Jesus faith we had been raised in to accept and believe by the very people who taught to us those sacred beliefs.

Now, we see everywhere across the American church landscape willfully evil men and women committing religious crimes in the lives of innocents, the poor, the oppressed, migrant, and despised. How can such Christian men and women who claim faith in Jesus commit such harm and malfiscience in this nation's societies while believing themselves to be good and holy? And what does this tell us of their evil God they follow?
"This was my challenge many years ago before maga-evangelicalism had worked itself out into it's presently espoused Hillsdale theology of God (the location of Maga's vaunted religious rulebook known as Project 2025 purporting itself to be the church's sole document of faith and dogma). I have come to adamantly reject maga's hedonistic God of yesteryear's unloving bible and today's maga church as highly errant in its doctrines and faith practices. In it's place I now present a theology of love which emphasises a loving God and loving bible and have taken the pains to reconstruct and replace my former covenant-based Reformed evangelical doctrine for a more thoroughly loving theology known as process theology."
However awful, inane, avowedly stubborn, unwise, inaccurate, and errant maga dogma is, it's view of the Christian God and bible does not relieve any of us of the ever present task of seeking for a God which can make sense of this life for us. This challenge also includes those deceived by maga indoctrination as well.
"Even as Israel's unloving God then - and the maga-church's unloving God now - has plainly shown to us --> the words and deeds of failed theologies of God and the resulting faith practices by Christian religionists <-- could not see the "forest for the trees" either then, nor now, for all the religious fervency they have espoused for God and godly living. Over the centuries ugly theologies like Calvinism have ruined the lives of sincere men and women even as today's horrendous Palestinian/Gaza policies by 21st century Israel - or Maga's Project 2025 - are presently doing again today."
Not surprisingly, Jesus had observed the same in his day even as modern (non-maga) theists are observing again today. For his laudable efforts, Jesus was shut up by public lies of his work and character and consequently murdered while today's preachers of love are similarly actively ignored and publicly denounced,,, all in the maga-God's name of injustice and evil.
"Today's people of God have the unenviable challenge of placing themselves squarely onto the pages of yesteryear's bible: 'That of challenging and rejecting all evil beliefs of the Christian God and Christian church as promoted, espoused, preached, and noised by the maga-church.' This same unenviable task was enacted by Jesus towards the Torahic religionists of his day ("Torahic" means relating to, or characteristic of, the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible)."
Our challenge then is to reject all evil beliefs of the maga-God and to imagine what a loving God can mean in all facets of this life lived now in the 21st century. Otherwise, there is but little choice to reject all Christian Gods and to abandon the Christian faith for something else other than God as the maga-Christian religion has made life more wretched than beautiful in its beliefs and practices.

Process belief flatly rejects evil men, evil faiths, and any evil Gods today's maga-Christian nations and religions demand we accept. In the former Christian faith as it was once taught it was unacceptable to reject love for evil. Moreover, it is both the firm belief and imagination of those of us who wish to see Love in this universe and it's God that we reject all errant interpretations of God and life in direct disregard and deliberate disagreement to the teachings of evil men and evil preachers of a bible teaching that an evil God is the way, truth, and the life. It isn't. Rather, they have misconstrued, lied, and misinterpreted a loving God for One that is evil and has given them permission to act evilly towards all those whom they chose to hate and not love.
"This isn't the Jesus way who taught Love is the New Law and that all faith laws are now superseded - that it was Israel's laws which mistaught God and God's ways."
The task then for today's true Christian prophets is to denounce unloving beliefs and acts while announcing that God is love in all the ways that love can be profound in our lives and into the worlds around us. It is a paradoxically true statement that "Loving theologies do not capture the hearts of unloving Christians" when daily denying God's love by acting unlovingly in the lives of those around us. Such Christians have deluded themselves, those around themselves, and even the God who hears their prayers:
8 If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. 9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 10 If we say we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us. - 1 John 1.8-10
Paul similarly says we have become as brass bells announcing our folly to the world:
"Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal," highlighting the importance of love and genuine faith over outward displays. - 1 Cor 13.1
And Jesus says for all religious man's laws and legalisms they have missed the God of creation in his Sermon on the Mount (Matt 5-7):
5 Now when Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him, 2 and he began to teach them. He said:

3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit,
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
4 Blessed are those who mourn,
    for they will be comforted.
5 Blessed are the meek,
    for they will inherit the earth.
6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
    for they will be filled.
7 Blessed are the merciful,
    for they will be shown mercy.
8 Blessed are the pure in heart,
    for they will see God.
9 Blessed are the peacemakers,
    for they will be called children of God.
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

11 “Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me. 12 Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

To conclude, the bible was yesterday's newspaper of evil men preaching an evil God. More broadly, it was the story of man searching for God and how this yearning for peace and beauty, construction and paradigm, might affect livelihoods and society. It seems we are doing the same today as poorly as when we first begun. That we are not the more enlightened but made the more brutish when holding unloving Gods of power and wrath. The challenge is to live love as ones God is love. Such a challenge is more than biblical... it is one that is learning to become concurrent with the universe and the God of the universe. Love then is the true bible that we are to read.

R.E. Slater
March 16, 2025




* * * * * * * *



AI Overview

The idea of "the Bible as yesterday's newspaper" suggests that the Bible, while containing timeless truths, can also be viewed as a record of events and teachings relevant to its historical context, much like a newspaper captures the news of a specific day.

Here's a breakdown of the concept:

Timeless Truths:

The Bible is often seen as containing universal moral principles and spiritual guidance that transcend time and culture.

Historical Context:

However, the Bible also reflects the specific historical, cultural, and social realities of the time in which it was written.

Newspaper Analogy:

Just as a newspaper reports on the events of a particular day, the Bible recounts stories, laws, and teachings relevant to its own time.

Relevance Today:

While the specific details of the Bible's historical context may differ from our own, the underlying principles and messages can still be relevant and applicable to our lives today.

Example:

For instance, the Old Testament laws about agriculture or social structures might not be directly applicable today, but the underlying principles of justice and compassion remain relevant.

Different Interpretations:

The way we interpret the Bible and its relevance to our lives can vary, and different people may draw different conclusions from its teachings.


* * * * * * * *



DISCERNMENT

by Dr. Abidan Shah

Henderson on September 9, 2020


According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word “discern” comes from the Latin combination of “dis,” which means “apart,” and “cernere,” which means “to sift.” Discernment is the ability to sift apart fact from fiction, truth from opinion, and horse sense from horse dung. Failure to exercise discernment can be costly.

The Bible is replete with examples of lack of discernment, beginning in the Old Testament: Adam and Eve failed to exercise discernment when they accepted the Serpent’s offer to taste the forbidden fruit; the people of Israel repeatedly lacked discernment in going after false gods; King Saul believed every untrue report against David and wasted time trying to execute the “man after God’s own heart;” and the Jewish remnant in the Babylonian exile could not discern that God still had “a future and a hope” for them.

In the New Testament, we continue to see a similar lack of discernment: the Pharisees and the scribes accused Jesus of being demon possessed instead of cross-checking his life and ministry with the Old Testament prophecies. Later, the Christians in Galatia were reprimanded by Paul for letting false teachers lead them astray from the true gospel.

But the Bible also gives plenty of examples of wise discernment: Joseph exercised discernment when he turned down the advances of Potiphar’s wife; Ruth chose to follow her mother-in-law Naomi rather than stay behind in Moab; and Jesus rejected the three offers of the Devil and chose to obey his Father.

Unfortunately, we are living in a time when a sense of discernment is harder to find than toilet paper in a pandemic! Individually and collectively, we are becoming more and more gullible to whatever is thrown our way. Gone are the days of conferring with credible authorities and checking the reliability of the sources. Nowadays, the more sensational and shocking the story, the more likely it is to circulate, regardless of any verification. This is clearly demonstrated in how people use social media. Many do not stop to consider the veracity of a social media post or the ramification of their re-post. Now, everything is about more likes and more shares with no concern for accuracy or outcome. The result of all this is fear, despair, hate, chaos, and destruction.

Our world is in desperate need of true discernment. I emphasize “true” because there is a false discernment that equates being hesitant, overly cautious, closed minded, and old fashioned with being discerning. Biblical discernment is about wise living. The Hebrew word for discernment (bîn) does not mean being stuck in time. It is about moving forward with godly wisdom. So also, the Greek word for discernment (krino) means to investigate, to determine, to compare, to consider, and to judge. It is time that God’s people exercise godly discernment in every area of our lives, especially in how we respond to the crisis facing our nation and the world. Sometimes, this may be easier said than done, as Charles Spurgeon, the Prince of Preachers, once said, “Discernment is not a matter of simply telling the difference between right and wrong; rather it is telling the difference between right and almost right.”

Let Paul’s prayer for the Philippians be ours as well -
“And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in knowledge and all discernment, that you may approve the things that are excellent, that you may be sincere and without offense till the day of Christ, being filled with the fruits of righteousness which are by Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.” (Philippians 1:9-11)

Thursday, February 27, 2025

Comparing Process Theology to the Patristic Theology of the First Millennium Church


Comparing Process Theology to the
Patristic Theology of the First Millennium

Compiled by R.E. Slater
February 27, 2025

Please Note: I've utilized AI to draw the pictures below. In this series, ChatGPT 4.0 has tended towards a mystic eastern representation of the early orthodox doctrines rather than the more typically cold and sterile pictures of western medievalism. And since Whiteheadian philosophy feels more Buddhistic than Western Analytical it's all good. Also note, Process is different from Buddhism in significantly major ways though each also share common sympathies in how we live out our lives in beauty and harmony with one another. - re slater

Whitehead's process philosophy offers a fascinating lens through which to reconsider traditional church orthodoxy—not as a static doctrinal construct, but as an evolving, dynamic reality, shaped by relational and experiential factors. His emphasis on becoming rather than being challenges traditional metaphysical assumptions about church orthodoxy, allowing for a more open-ended, dynamically organic living tradition.

If we were to map Whitehead’s influence onto the historical development of early orthodoxy, we might see his work as offering a reframing of theological discourse—one that acknowledges classical doctrines but seeks to integrate them into a more processual and relational paradigm based upon his development of Process Philosophy from which Process Theology derives.

Many of these themes have been reflected elsewhere in this website. Too, Process themes can be individualized to the thematic motif under discussion. This means that process theology will react differently to second and third millennial church orthodoxies in comparison to first millennial church orthodoxies. This is the beauty of a holistic process-based philosophic construct which can supersede all previous, earlier visions of God, life, universe, and meaning. And as an integral philosophy it will be around for a long while; having been discussed in ancient Greek philosophy, redefined by Whitehead et al, and proving adept in the quantum sciences, etc.


R.E. Slater
February 27, 2025

Exploring How Process Theology Can

Transform Key Orthodox Doctrines

By moving church orthodox off it's Hellenistic philosophic foundations (Platonism, NeoPlatonism, Aristotelianism, etc) onto the foundations of process philosophy orthodox church doctrine then may escalate upwards into a vibrant, transformative construct which is more dynamic, relational, and evolving as a contemporary framework now able to dialogue with the sciences and metamodern academia across all areas and topics.


AI Art of the Trinity  |  R.E. Slater

1. The Trinity: From Static Essence to Dynamic Relationality

Traditional Orthodox View

  • The Trinity is often framed in substance metaphysics: One divine essence (ousia) in three persons (hypostases).
  • The Nicene-Chalcedonian model insists on the co-equal, co-eternal nature of Father, Son, and Spirit.

Process Theology’s Reframing

  • Rather than a static ontological unity, the Trinity is seen as a dynamic process of relational becoming.
  • God is not a fixed essence but a relational act—the interplay of divine creativity, responsiveness, and transformation.
  • The Trinity embodies a divine process of co-creative love:
    • Father → The primordial, creative source (the lure toward beauty and novelty).
    • Son → The embodied expression of God in history (concretizing divine love and relationality).
    • Spirit → The sustaining, guiding force of divine persuasion, working within creation.

Key Shift:
Orthodoxy views the Trinity in terms of immutability and essence, while process theology sees it as a living, interactive relational flow.


AI Art of Christ's Hypostatic Union  |  R.E. Slater

2. Christology: From Static Hypostatic Union to Incarnational Process

Traditional Orthodox View

  • Christ is fully divine and fully human (Chalcedon, 451).
  • The hypostatic union ensures that Jesus is a single person with two distinct natures.
  • Atonement is often framed through penal substitution or satisfaction models (sin, sacrifice, and divine justice).

Process Theology’s Reframing

  • Incarnation is not a singular event but an ongoing cosmic process.
  • Instead of a static two-nature model, Christ represents the highest actualization of divine becoming.
  • Jesus embodies God’s persuasive power, showing the world the lure toward divine harmony rather than divine coercion.
  • Atonement is relational, not juridical—Christ’s work is about persuading creation toward cooperative love rather than appeasing divine wrath.

Key Shift:
Orthodox theology emphasizes fixed divine-human unity, while process thought sees Christ as an ongoing relational process of divine becoming within creation.


AI Art of Revelation  |  R.E. Slater

3. Revelation: From Fixed Doctrine to Evolving Truth

Traditional Orthodox View

  • Scripture is often seen as inspired and authoritative, a direct deposit of divine truth.
  • Doctrines like apostolic succession and creedal formulations are viewed as once-for-all revelations.

Process Theology’s Reframing

  • Revelation is not a fixed deposit but an evolving interaction between God and creation.
  • The Bible and tradition are snapshots of evolving human engagement with God, not final blueprints.
  • Truth unfolds as God continuously interacts with the world.
  • Theology is never static but participatory—our understanding of God is always growing.

Key Shift:
Orthodoxy views revelation as fixed and final, while process theology sees it as unfolding and relational.


AI Art of the Nature of God  |  R.E. Slater

4. The Nature of God: From Immutable Being to Evolving Process

Traditional Orthodox View

  • God is unchanging (immutable) and all-powerful (omnipotent).
  • Classical theism assumes God is outside of time, foreknowing all events.

Process Theology’s Reframing

  • God is dipolar:
    • Primordial nature (envisioning all possibilities).
    • Consequent nature (experiencing and responding to creation).
  • God is not coercive but persuasive, working through relational influence rather than unilateral control.
  • God changes in response to creation—not in essence, but in relational engagement.

Key Shift:
Orthodoxy views God as timeless and unchanging, while process theology sees God as deeply interactive and evolving.


AI Art of the Christian Eschatology  |  R.E. Slater

5. Eschatology: From Apocalyptic End to Open Future

Traditional Orthodox View

  • Linear eschatology: History moves toward final judgment, resurrection, and new creation.
  • The future is predetermined (Augustinian predestination in some traditions).

Process Theology’s Reframing

  • The future is not predetermined—God and creation co-create the open possibilities of becoming.
  • Heaven and transformation are about processual renewal, not sudden apocalyptic events.
  • The eschaton is not a fixed endpoint but an ever-expanding realization of divine harmony.

Key Shift:
Orthodoxy sees eschatology as linear and finalized, while process theology sees it as open-ended and co-creative.


Conclusion: A Living Orthodoxy

Rather than dismissing traditional orthodoxy, Process Theology reframes it as a dynamic, evolving interaction between God and creation.

  • Instead of “orthodoxy” as a static boundary, it becomes a participatory unfolding.
  • Instead of fixed doctrines, theology is an ongoing dialogue between God and the world.
  • Instead of a top-down divine plan, the universe is co-created with God through relational persuasion.



Here is a visual chart mapping these doctrinal shifts:

Doctrinal Reinterpretation: Orthodoxy vs. Process Theology

Doctrine

Traditional Orthodox View

Process Theology View

Trinity

Fixed essence, three persons in one divine substance

Relational dynamism, ongoing divine becoming

Christology

Static two-nature hypostatic union

Christ as the highest actualization of divine process

Revelation

Finalized revelation in scripture and creeds

Unfolding revelation, evolving divine-human interaction

Nature of God

Immutable, omnipotent, outside time

Dipolar, evolving, responsive to creation

Eschatology

Linear, predetermined end of history

Open-ended, co-created future with God




Just for fun, here is AI's metamodern reinterpretations of each topic, now incorporating Whitehead’s process philosophy within an Orthodox iconographic framework:

  1. Trinity – A relational dynamism of divine becoming.
  2. Christology – Christ as the Redeeming Logos producing a continually evolving relationality.
  3. Revelation – An infinite unfolding scroll, symbolizing continuous divine-human dialogue.
  4. Nature of God – A woven, interactive force, deeply relational rather than distant.
  5. Eschatology – A co-created, evolving future, rather than a static final judgment.

The images now merge classical orthodoxy, process theology, and metamodern aesthetics, visually expressing the dynamic, participatory nature of divine reality.


The Trinity as a relational dynamism of divine becoming

AI Art of the Processual Trinity  |  R.E. Slater

Christ as the Redeeming Logos producing a continually evolving relationality

AI Art of the Processual Christ as Logos of God  |  R.E. Slater

Revelation as an infinitely unfolding scroll symbolizing continuous divine-human-eco/cosmic dialogue

AI Art of the Processual Revelation  |  R.E. Slater

The Nature of God as a woven, interactive force which is deeply relational
rather than a distant non-presence

AI Art of the Processual Nature of God  |  R.E. Slater

The co-created, evolving future of the church as vs a static final judgment

AI Art of the Processual Eschaton  |  R.E. Slater

The History of Western & Eastern Church Orthodoxy


The History of Western & Eastern Church Orthodoxy

Compiled by R.E. Slater

The history of Western and Eastern Church Orthodoxy is marked by a gradual divergence in beliefs and practices, culminating in the "Great Schism" of 1054, which formally split the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church (West) and the Eastern Orthodox Church (East), primarily due to theological disputes, political tensions, and differing views on papal authority, with the key difference being the Western Church's addition of the "Filioque" clause to the Nicene Creed, signifying the Holy Spirit proceeding from both the Father and the Son, a concept not accepted by the East.

Key points in the history of the East-West Schism:

Early Christian Unity:

In the early centuries of Christianity, the Church was unified, with both the East (centered in Constantinople) and the West (centered in Rome) sharing the same core beliefs and practices, though cultural differences were already present.

Growing Tensions:

Over time, tensions arose regarding the authority of the Pope in Rome, particularly in the East where the Byzantine Emperor held significant influence over the Church.

Theological Disputes:
  • Filioque: The most significant theological disagreement was the addition of the "Filioque" clause to the Nicene Creed by the Western Church, which stated that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
  • Iconoclasm: The controversy surrounding the veneration of icons also contributed to the rift, with the East generally supporting iconography while the West experienced periods of iconoclasm.
The Photian Schism (9th Century):

A major turning point, where Patriarch Photius of Constantinople challenged the authority of the Pope, leading to a temporary schism.

The Great Schism (1054):

The official split occurred in 1054 when Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other, marking the formal separation between the Eastern and Western Churches.

Distinctive features of Eastern Orthodoxy:
  • Centrality of the Eucharist: Emphasis on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.
  • Iconography: Extensive use of religious icons in worship
  • Synodal Structure: Decision-making power shared among bishops through councils
  • Liturgical Language: Primarily in the Greek language
Distinctive features of Western Catholicism:
  • Papal Primacy: The Pope is considered the head of the Church with ultimate authority
  • Development of Scholastic Theology: Greater emphasis on philosophical reasoning in theological discussions
  • Latin Liturgy: Primarily conducted in Latin

References

The Great Schism of 1054
Why the Catholic West and Orthodox East Divided
18:25



History of Roman Catholicism & Eastern Orthodoxy