The Lands, Maps, People and Events of the Bible

A Few Words About the Timelines & Maps

by R.E. Slater

I thought these set of timelines and maps might be helpful to those studying the traditional teachings of the bible. Nothing has been changed from the FCM bible site except to add the traditional Major Periods of the Old Testament above which I'm sure they would approve.

Myself, I was raised in 1950s-60s Christian fundamentalism and entered into 1970s evangelicalism before it decided to become conservative (1980s; which then necessarily spawned progressive evangelicalism as they made of God an evil thing which God is not).

About 13-14 years ago, after going through a deep darkness of spirit, it forced me to begin re-thinking everything I had centered my life in, and had lived through, my first fifty years of life. From this divinely appointed wilderness I began to make fundamental changes.

I first needed to deconstruct my current beliefs before reconstructing them. This journey you may read about over the first several years of this website. Anyway, I decided to drop Calvinism and go back to my Baptist roots based in Arminianism. I then updated Arminianism towards and Open and Relational Theology set which I reset together rather than leaving them apart as was currently being done.

All this time I gave preference to Jesus and God's love over that of my learned interpretation of the bible from youth through seminary (sic, a 4 year program resulting in an M.Div. with a Major in NT and minor in pastoral). I next leaned into progressive evangelical Christianity while keeping to Covenant Reformed Theology.

The final thing which the Lord's Spirit burdened my heart with was to look at my faith's philosophical foundations. Which I did. First Westernism. Then European Continentalism till finally stumbling across Whitehead's Philosophy of Organism - later to be known as Process Philosophy.

This I found was flexible enough to mimic nature around me; to incorporate today's sciences and societal-era movements. By it I could release all previous bible creeds, doctrines and dogma from their foundations of Westernized Hellenism (aka Platonism, Scholasticism, Enlightenment, and Modernistic philosophic theologies).

Why? Because I needed to re-center all these (eclectic) synthetic PHILOSOPHICAL structures around Jesus and God's Love. Hence, Open and Relational (Arminian) Theology became Open and Relational Process Theology. The theology I had worked towards required a release from Westernized thinking to a Philosophical Process which could work much better than they could in their past eras and timelines as well as form a better framework for any future eras to come... including postmodernism, metamodernism, and whatever else will come by and by.

Which is also why I write topically many times rather than expositionally. Not that I can't, but my calling of God is to write out of a process context in which to reset the bible and bible-thinking into a more proper processual framework where it has become out-of-focus and misinterpreted centuries ago through past philosophical influences.

By citing these timelines and maps below, I find them helpful for the bible student but will caution that as I have worked through Christian ideas and doctrines over the past years - and hope to continue doing so in the future - I will necessarily be recontextualizing many past and/or popular Christian teachings with processual content, events, ideas, ethics, and science all built around Jesus and God's love. 

Meaning, that all of the articles here will be distinctly different than what I once had diligently been taught and learned... and what I suspect will confront many readers here themselves. However, I was forced into this vocation by the Lord. I really didn't have a choice. I had retired to try my hand at poetry (which I did for three years nonstop) to find myself serving on governmental boards and committees, and working in local, regional, or statewide quasi-political environmentalism. I never intended to develop, expand, nor write about process philosophy, cosmology, natural or panpsychic theology. 

But we all have to start somewhere so I'll start here creating a website I didn't know how to make or maintain though my technology proficiency helped a lot. Nor did I receive help when asking for it, surrounded by those who refused acknowledging my internal spiritual pain.

So the Lord and I started where I was and went together from there. Along the way I have better channels and contacts than I once did and am glad to have spent my retirement years in these pursuits.... Not unlike AN Whitehead who quit mathematics at age 62 and went on to develop a full-scale, complex, Hegelian-like, philosophy unknown to the world. He finished at age 68, which is where my age sits as well. This makes me laugh a bit when I think of it though I never knew the prestige that Whitehead had, nor want it, frankly. It's easy to write unhindered by people's responses.

Anyway, please enjoy. And as I continue my Garden of Eden series I will ease this series into a series on The Evolution of God, Man and Religion before the bible was written; before Abraham had lived; or before the Jewish faith was even a thing. It will deal with evolutionary human paleontology where I will continue to apply process thought into both the church's language, its bible doctrines and beliefs, as well as into today's quantum sciences et. al.

Peace,

R.E. Slater

February 18, 2024

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HOLY BIBLE

Old Testament / Maps

by JCM

We present to you a detailed description of the geography of the lands of the Holy Bible at the time of its events, where the best international references and manuscripts in both Arabic and English were used.

We carefully pictured the events of the Bible according to the Bible’s chronological order, placed the names of the biblical cities, and wrote titles explaining the content of each map with an assistant index to help our maps to facilitate for Bible enthusiasts studying and searching in the Holy Bible.

These maps are copyright protected for the benefit of FMC world © Copying, photocopying or using them for the interests of buying and selling is liable to legal punishment.

By sharing it through social media, you will become a partner with us in our service to the word of God †

This service was performed by the blessed servants of the LORD:

• General supervision: Maggie Khozam
• Maps studying and researching: Dr. Mattews Andraws
• Maps designing: Lama Abu Deeb
• Coordination and programming: Feras Khozam ( MSM )

DOUBLE CLICKING ON EACH .JPG WILL

ENLARGE TWICE WITH EXCELLENT CLARITY

Genealogy of Adam

The Journeys of Abraham in the Near East

Journeys of Abraham in Promised Land

The Story of Lot

The Journeys of Isaac and Rebekah

The Journeys of Jacob and Rachel

Joseph is sold in Egypt

The Fathers in the Promised Land

Exodus

Journey of The Spies

Entering the Promised Land

The Battle of Ai

Saving Gibeon

Division of Promised Land to Tribes of Israel

Israel in the Promised Land

Taking over Hazor

Judges

Ehud and the Moabites

Jephthah and the Ammonites

Capturing the ark of the covenant

The Kingdom of Saul

Saving Jabeshgilead

The Battle of Michmash

David eludes Saul

The Death of Saul in Gilboa

King's David Military Victories

United Kingdom of David

The United Kingdom of Solomon

Jerusalem in Times of David & Solomon

Solomon's Temple

The Two Kingdoms of Israel and Judah

Elijah and Elisha

Prophets of Two Kingdoms of Israel & Judah

Israel & Judah during rule of Jeroboam II

The Campaigns of Tiglathpileser

The Fall of Israel

Sennacherib's Campaign in Judah

Babylonian Empire & Babylonian Captivity

The Fall of Judah to The Babylonians

Back from the Exile

Israel after Captivity

Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah

The Prophecy of Ezekiel 38-39

Climate Change & Us; WSF: Brave New Prehistoric World; WSF - Rewriting the Story of Us

This diagram by the study authors shows how climate change driven by astronomical forces — such as tilt in the earth’s axis and changes in the shape of the Earth’s orbit around the sun — has influenced ice ages and consequently, human evolution. Photo: Nature

Climate change and us: What really shaped

human evolution last 2 million years

article link

Climatic shifts determined where food was available, driving

migration and adaptations, according to the study

by Rohini Krishnamurthy

Published: Thursday 14 April 2022

[edits & arrangements mine - re slater]

Ancient humans likely evolved in response to climate shifts by settling and adapting to newer habitats, according to a new study.

Climate change driven by astronomical forces — such as tilt in the Earth’s axis and changes in the shape of the Earth’s orbit around the sun — has influenced how much solar radiation reaches the planet, the study published in Nature noted.

This spurred the Ice Age and the warmer interglacial periods, according to researchers. These climatic shifts determined where food was available, driving migration and adaptations, the study noted.

“Astronomically-forced past climate change determined where ancient humans lived and how their habitat and food-preferences changed over time due to adaptation,” Axel Timmermann, lead author of the study and director of the IBS Center for Climate Physics (ICCP) at Pusan National University in South Korea, told Down To Earth.

The researchers mapped the habitats of five human lineages: Homo neanderthalensis, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, African Homo — Homo habilis and Homo ergaster — and Homo sapiens.

Previous studies have investigated the link between climate change and human evolution. Even though the idea is old, there has been very little hard data to support this hypothesis quantitatively, Timmermann added.

The researchers tried to address this gap by combining data on well-dated fossil remains and archaeological artefacts. A supercomputer helped them reconstruct the earth’s climate history over the past two million years.

According to their analysis, Homo erectus and Homo sapiens had the most extensive habitats:

• While Neanderthals were more concentrated in Europe,

• the early African homo found refuge in eastern and southern Africa.

• Homo heidelbergensis settled in southern Africa, east Africa, and Eurasia [(e.g., The Levant/India - re slater)], the study determined.

Though all five human species showed a preference for a particular habitat, they responded to climate shifts, the researchers highlighted.

For example, Homo heidelbergensis and Neanderthals had to migrate from Northern Europe when ice ages made the region cold and dry, Timmermann explained.

So, they moved south to the Mediterranean, which had enough food available. When glacial conditions ended, forests moved northward quickly, and so did animals and Homo heidelbergensis and Neanderthals, he added.

Timmermann and his colleagues also found that around two to one million years ago, early African hominins preferred stable climatic conditions, staying back in narrow habitable corridors.

Homo heidelbergensis, on the other hand, migrated and adapted to make use of a much wider range of available food resources in new environments. A major climatic transition about 800,000 years ago triggered this migration, the study found.

“Archaic humans either had to adapt to the new environment or migrate to different regions,” Timmermann said,

Homo heidelbergensis became global wanderers by reaching remote regions in Europe and eastern Asia, Elke Zeller, PhD student at Pusan National University and co-author of the study, said. “Climate conditions are strongly connected to food security,” Timmermann added.

The researchers also went a step further by documenting when and how one species developed into another. When major ice age cycles began, Homo heidelbergensis split into two groups: European and African, the study suggested.

Around 400,000-500,000 years ago, the European group may have gradually evolved into Neanderthals, Timmermann pointed out.

And around 200,000-300,000 years ago, the African group likely developed into the earliest Homo sapiens in the southern [(and eastern - re slater)] part of the continent, according to the study.

Persistent harsh climate conditions could trigger a gradual transition from one species to another, the expert added.

In the future, the team plans to gain a clearer picture of ancient humans by studying the impact of past climate change on human genetic diversity, Timmerman said.

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BRAVE NEW PREHISTORIC WORLD

1:07:31

Brave New Prehistoric World

World Science Festival

Premiered May 4, 2023

#briangreene #paleontology #anthropology

Recent breakthroughs in dating ancient samples of DNA and human remains have led to a radical reassessment of human origins.

At least ten other early human groups–some with the cognitive capacity to make art, jewelry and herbal medicines–occupied the planet at the same time as our ancestors, Homo Sapiens, and some of their genomes live within us today.

Leading archeologists and paleoanthropologists join Brian Greene to discuss how these surprising new insights are transforming our understanding of early Humans.

This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.

Participants: Rebecca Ackermann Thomas Higham Sheela Athreya Viviane Slon

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Rewriting the Story of Humankind

0:02 / 1:40:51

Rewriting the Story of Humankind

World Science Festival

Premiered Jun 9, 2023

#briangreene #homonaledi #science

What attributes set our species apart? Taming fire? Expressing artistically? Solving problems creatively? Recent discoveries that have already upended humankind’s origin story by expanding our family tree, are now challenging long-held assumptions about what makes us special.

Paleoanthropologist Lee Berger is a leading figure in these breathtaking developments and he joins Brian Greene to discuss how new discoveries are now rewriting human history.

This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.

The live program was presented at the 2023 World Science Festival Brisbane, hosted by the Queensland Museum.

 

Evolution of Earth's Climate & Biological Life to the Holocene Age of Modern Civilizations

Evolution of Earth's Climate & Biological Life

to the Holocene Age of Modern Civilizations

To speak to humanity's origins must also be to speak to the conditions of the Earth which allowed the human species to evolve through it's lineages. The history of the Earth's many varied climate changes over the aeons is complex and complexly evolving. Below is a recommended link to investigate in detail each age as listed. They tend to be lengthy because of the detail involved. It is recommended that they are read beyond the introductory paragraph's copied below.

R.E. Slater

June 27, 2023

History of Earth's Climate

1. Precambrian

1. Introduction

2. Hadean Eon

3. Archean Eon

4. Proterozoic Eon

5. Links

Introduction

Visible tangible life in the form of trilobites and other animals appeared for the first time in Cambrian. That is why the traditional boundary between the distant geological past and the period of life on Earth, is defined at the start of Cambrian. Cambrian is the first part of Phanerozoic, which traditionally denotes the era, where life has existed on Earth. This article is about the climate during the whole period before Phanerozoic that often is referred to as Precambrian.

The geological eons in Precambrian - Hadean was the burning inferno right after Earth's creation. The first rocks, that we know about, were formed in Archean, water vapor condensed, and an atmosphere of nitrogen and methane was created. Proterozoic was the eon when cyanobacteria produced oxygen, iron and methane were oxidized, and life emerged in the late of the period on the bottom of the sea. Several very severe ice ages occurred in Proterozoic that is the Huronian, Sturtian, Marinoan and Gaskiers ice ages. Phanerozoic denotes the period of life on earth...

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History of Earth's Climate

2. Paleozoic

1. Introduction

2. Cambrian

3. Ordovician

4. Silurian

5. Devonian

6. Carboniferous

7. Permian

8. Literature

1. Introduction

Phanerozoic denotes the part of the Earth's history, where life has been.

Paleozoic is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras. It was the period of early life where plants, corals, mollusks, insects, fish, and many other living organisms emerged. Paleozoic is divided into six geological periods, which are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian.

It is common to call the widespread explosion of life for the Cambrian explosion. The Cambrian climate is assumed to have been temperate. The Ordovician and Silurian periods had a warm greenhouse climate only interrupted by the Andean-Saharan Ice Age. Devonian and Carboniferous were periods of considerable stability until the Karoo Ice Age at the end of Carboniferous. In Permian dominated a harsh and dry continental climate on the enormous Pangea continent.

Hadean was the glowing inferno just after Earth was formed. In Archean the first rocks, which we know about, were formed, water vapor condensed and an atmosphere of nitrogen and methane came into being. In Proterozoic cyanobacteria produced oxygen that oxidized iron and methane. Also in Proterozoic occurred several very severe Ice Ages that is the Huronian, Sturtian, Marinoan and Gaskiers ice ages. At the end of the period, life emerged on the seabed.

However, the early geologists, who defined and named the geological periods, knew nothing of fossilized bacteria from Archean or the exotic Ediacaran fauna in the late Proterozoic. They had found the fossilized trilobites from the Cambrian, and therefore they believed that it was during that time life emerged on Earth, and therefore it should be marked by the start of a special geological era, which was characterized by life namely Phanerozoic.

Phanerozoic has been divided into Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic that we can call Earth's antiquity, medieval and modern times. Paleozoic was the era of early life and is the subject of this article. Mesozoic was the era of the dinosaurs; and Cenozoic is the age of mammals....

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History of Earth's Climate

3. Mesozoic

1. Introduction

2. Triassic

3. Jurassic

4. Cretaceous

5. Literature

1. Introduction

Phanerozoikum is the name of the part of Earth's history where there was visible tangible life. It is divided into Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which are popularly called the Earth's ancient, medieval and present.

Mesozoic was the period of the dinosaurs. The period is further divided into Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.

Start of Mesozoic with the beginning of Triassic was characterized by the harsh and dry continental climate of the gigantic Pangaea continent. Pangaea's split up in the following Jurassic period paved the way for a hot and humid greenhouse climate with little temperature difference between low and high latitudes. The temperature in Cretaceous was even higher, and most of the world was most likely covered with damp forests.

The surface of the Hadean Earth was a glowing chaos, characterized by intense radioactivity and an atmosphere of toxic gases. In Archean Earth's surface was solidified, the atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and methane, and the first cyano-bacteria occurred. In the Proterozoic methane and iron was oxidized and an atmosphere with oxygen was formed.

Phanerozoic represents the part of Earth's history, where visible tangible life existed, from the appearance of the trilobites in early Cambrian until the emergence of humans and historical time.

The Phanerozoic is divided in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic that can be called Earth's antiquity, medieval and modern times.

Paleozoic was the period of early life where plants, insects, fish, mollusks, corals and many more living organisms developed. Mesozoic was the era of the dinosaurs and is described in this article, and Cenozoic is the age of mammals...

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click here to enlarge chart

History of Earth's Climate

4. Tertiary

1. Introduction

2. CO2

3. Albedo

4. Sea Currents

5. Cosmic Radiation

6. Paleocene

7. Eocene

8. Oligocene

9. Miocene

10. Pliocene

11. Literature

1. Introduction

Phanerozoic is the part of Earth's history, where there has been visible tangible life. It is divided into Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which are popularly called the Earth's antiquity, medieval and present.

Cenozoic is the age of mammals. Tertiary is the name of that part of the age when there were no humans. It is the earliest and longest-lasting part of Cenozoic. Tertiary means the third (age). The five periods of the Tertiary are Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene.

The geological periods - Hadean was the glowing inferno just after the Earth's creation. In Archean the first rocks were formed, an atmosphere of nitrogen, methane was formed and water condensed. In Proterozoic cyanobacteria produced oxygen that oxidized iron and methane, at the end of the period life emerged on the seabed. The entire period prior to Phanerozoic is often called the Precambrian, as it was previously believed that life originated in the Cambrian (earliest period of the Paleozoic) some 500 million years ago.

Phanerozoic - which denotes the period of life on earth - is divided in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Paleozoic was the period of early life, when plants, insects, fish, mollusks, corals, and many others living organisms were developed. Mesozoic was the era of the dinosaurs and Cenozoic is the age of mammals, which latter is further divided in Tertiary and Quaternary.

Tertiary denotes that part of the age of mammals when no humans existed. The climate of Tertiary is the subject of this article.

There are more and newer definitions of geological periods adopted at international geological congresses. Some divide the Tertiary into the periods Paleogene and Neogene, others let Quaternary start later in more accurate harmony with human appearance. However, the traditional period-division seems the author most suitable for a popular presentation....

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History of Earth's Climate

5. Pleistocene

1. Introduction

2. The Pleistocene Ice Ages

3. The ice-free part of the World

4. Last Glacial Maximum

5. Temperature and CO2

6. Milankovic's Climate Theory

7. Interglacials

8. The Super volcano Toba

9. Literature

Introduction

Phanerozoic is the part of Earth's history, where there has been visible tangible life. It is divided into Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which are popularly called the Earth's antiquity, medieval and present.

The Cenozoic is the age of the mammals. The part of the Cenozoic, where man has existed is called Quaternary, which means the fourth (age). Quaternary is composed of the periods Pleistocene and Holocene.

However, the Pleistocene lasted 2.6 million years, which is far, far more than the Holocene, which so far has only lasted about 11,000 years. Basically, the Holocene is just another inter-glacial, of which have already been many in the Pleistocene, but it is in this very special inter-glacial that human civilizations have evolved and all of the known history has taken place, and therefore we find this period in the geological and climatic history of Earth immensely important.

But, this article will deal with Pleistocene.

Pleistocene is the period in Earth's history that we commonly refer to as the Ice Age. Through much of this period, the Earth's northern and southern regions were covered by kilometer thick glaciers. It is important to recognize that the Pleistocene was a series of real ice ages, separated by relatively short interglacial periods. The Pleistocene started 2.6 million years ago and lasted until the termination of the Weichsel glaciation about 11,711 years ago.

Timeline of Earth's geological periods. Time progresses from right to left. The glowing inferno just after Earth was formed is named Hadean. In Archean water condensed and an atmosphere of nitrogen and methane was formed together with the first rocks that we know about. In Proterozoic cyano bacteria produced oxygen, which oxidized iron and methane, at the end of the period life emerged on the seabed.

Phanerozoic represents the era in which there has been visible tangible life. It is divided in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Paleozoic was the period of early life. Mesozoic was the time of the dinosaurs, and Cenozoic is the era of mammals, which latter further is divided into Tertiary and Quaternary. Tertiary represents the age of mammals and means the third (time). Quaternary means the fourth (time) where not only mammals but also humans existed.

Pleistocene is the first and most part of Quaternary and the subject of this article.

Holocene is marked with red and is slightly visible to the left...

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History of Earth's Climate

6. End of Pleistocene

1. Introduction

2. Lakes in late Pleistocene

3. Floods in late Pleistocene

4. Literature

1. Introduction

Last glacial absolute maximum took place about 26,500 to 19,000 years ago. The ice sheet covered then the whole of Scandinavia and the Baltic region down to North Poland and Germany. In North America, the ice cap extended down to the Great Lakes between Canada and the United States.

Cenozoic is the period of mammals, which followed the Mesozoic which was the period of the dinosaurs. Tertiary is that part of Cenozoic where no humans existed, and Quaternary represents the part of Cenozoic when there were humans. Quaternary is subdivided into Pleistocene and Holocene. Holocene represents the present which basically is a Pleistocene interglacial period. The climate in the last phases of the Pleistocene is the subject of this article...

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History of Earth's Climate

7. Holocene

1. Introduction

2. 8.200 Cold Period

3. Climatic Optimum

4. A Green Sahara

5. After Optimum

6. Roman Warm Period

7. Migration Time Cold Perio

8. Medieval Warm Period

9. Little Ice Age

10. Modern Warm Period

11. Sun Spots

12. Literature

1. Introduction

If you want to know what the climate was like in the Holocene, simply take some outerwear and go out into nature and look around. Holocene refers namely to the present since the end of the Weichsel glaciation.

The interglacial Holocene has supported the development and growth of human civilizations, it has been the cradle of civilizations, not to say their uterus. It started around 11,700 years before present with a sudden warming from the cold period called Younger Dryas. In only ten years time the temperature in Greenland rose with an impressive 8 degrees, which corresponds to that North Europe's climate was replaced with a Mediterranean climate. It is not known, what caused this rapid rise in temperature.

Cenozoic is the period of the mammals, which followed the Mesozoic that was the period of dinosaurs. Tertiary is that part of Cenozoic, where no humans existed , and Quaternary means the part of Cenozoic, where humans exist. Quaternary is composed of Pleistocene and Holocene. Pleistocene is the period that we in common language call the Ice Age. Holocene represents the present, which basically is a Pleistocene interglacial period. Holocene is represented by the thin red line on the far left. The climate of the Holocene is the subject of this Article.

During the following one thousand years, the temperature increased so that climate became several degrees warmer than today. About 8,000 years before present, in Hunter Stone Age, occurred the hottest period throughout the Holocene. This initiated the warm period called the Holocene Optimum, which lasted almost until about 4,500 years before present, whereafter the temperature continued to drop through bronze age, iron age and historical time until it reached a low point in "The Little Ice Age" in the years 1600- 1700. Within the last few hundred years, the temperature has again increased, but not to such heights as in Hunter Stone Age.