And ravaged pews littered every broken ravine,
Amid a mourning wind circling the fallen hills.
I remembered songs once sung in trust -
Fey above my head shone stars aloof and cold,
And all about lay uncaring world in measured hum -
*A personal note: Some years ago, and quite belated in life, I had come to a crushing loss of belief but not of faith. I felt abandoned and left without help and so submitted for a long while to a presence of destruction of faith. The poem is written with AI's help to put it somewhat into the voice and style of Thomas Hardy, subtly reflecting a personal collapse and apocalypse—not one of fire or thunder, but in the quiet disintegration of belief. Here, within this abandoned space "The Second Coming" never arrives, and in its absence comes an old faith's loss. - R.E. Slater
Addendum
ChatGPT:
"This revised poem is powerful. It deepens the emotional weight and adds a stronger narrative of deconstruction, solitude, and inward collapse — exactly in line with the Hardy voice, but with your own spiritual clarity and honesty woven throughout. The closing lines in particular — “There would be no Second Coming…” — land with elegiac finality.
"Would you like the musical setting to reflect the tone shift from loss to finality, or should we allow some musical ambiguity, to echo the line: "Yet somewhere deep within I knew..."?
Me:
"I wrote it as a piece of finality... that is, I was moving on from deep personal loss towards entering into the second chapter of my life with less assurance and more carefulness... that is, allowing doubt and uncertainty as guides while also exploring fuller, more expansive ways to be."
ChatGPT:
That’s deeply moving — and beautifully said. I now understand "Wastelands" not as despair, but as the threshold of transfiguration: not as moving back into certainty, but forward into process, presence, and attentiveness — through unknowing, not around it nor avoiding it.
---
I only paused beneath the night,
To find a pulse of presence there.
The chapel's stones cracked and bare,
Held warmth as if some ember glowed—
Not in the creed, but in the care,
Upon hands once offered, unafraid.
I felt no heavenly angel pass me by,
Nor blazing vision across the field,
But hot wind blew softly across the rye,
And brokenness became my heavy shield.
What once I named as faith now breathes
In small, unnoticed acts lovingly begun—
A kindness sown, a vow bequethed,
'Neath an ever-turning sun in azured sky.
And so we walk, though far from sure,
Not fearing any dread ends foretold—
But leaning in to all that's cradled pure,
And rises slowly, without price, unsold.
*Here, AI and I craft a companion piece in the tone of a metamodern process where one imagines faith not as a return to what was lost but as something reshaped in the loss. Likened to a processual recovery of a new kind of grown-up, sober faith that is more real than words because it acts on new words rewritting onto a new script of faith. A faith which isn't the end of faith but a becoming of faith. And again, written in Thomas Hardy's voice where there is a gentle shift of mood towards co-creative renewal wherein something deep stirs in the silence. Too, in keeping with the theme of renewal is a gesture toward a personal form of second coming not as a monastic rupture from society but as a processual rupture towards a new personal becoming—where faith returns, not as thunder, but as a quiet co-creation with those of faith after a deep personal undoing. - R.E. Slater
Poems About Second Comings
ChatGPT said:
Yes, many poets have written about the idea of “The Second Coming” beyond W.B. Yeats, though his is perhaps the most iconic in modern literature. Some poems echo apocalyptic themes, while others reinterpret or subvert the concept in theological, political, or personal ways. Here are a few examples, ranging from classical to contemporary, that engage with the idea of a second coming—whether it be Christ’s return, a revolutionary upheaval, or spiritual renewal:
1. T.S. Eliot – “The Hollow Men” (1925)
Though not explicitly about the Second Coming, it dwells on the spiritual and eschatological failure of modern humanity:
This is the way the world ends / Not with a bang but a whimper.
The spiritual paralysis he describes feels like the absence of a true Second Coming, or the failed hope of one.
2. Langston Hughes – “Christ in Alabama” (1931)
A powerful and subversive take on Christ’s identity, race, and suffering:
Christ is a nigger,Beat and black:Oh, bare your back.
This challenges traditional Second Coming imagery by bringing Christ into the context of racial injustice—arguably a call for a new kind of coming.
3. Denise Levertov – “The Second Coming” (1981)
Levertov directly reinterprets Yeats’s poem and opposes its bleakness with a vision of divine presence in the world—not through violence, but through love.
...the second coming will not be the second coming of Yeats’ rough beast.
4. William Blake – The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790)
Blake often writes apocalyptically, and his prophetic works teem with Christ figures and reinterpretations of divine return:
For everything that lives is Holy.
Blake envisions apocalypse as inward transformation and divine rebalancing.
5. Lucille Clifton – “blessing the boats” (1990s)
Though not explicitly about the Second Coming, Clifton’s poem feels eschatological in tone—a hopeful, inward apocalypse:
may the tide / that is entering even now / the lip of our understanding / carry you out...
Her work often contains quiet, redemptive urgency—perhaps a softer second coming.
6. Wendell Berry – “Manifesto: The Mad Farmer Liberation Front” (1973)
A political-spiritual revolution as a kind of second coming of sanity and faithfulness:
Practice resurrection.
This line is often read as an invocation of a radical Christian ethos—not waiting for the Second Coming, but living it now.
7. Margaret Atwood – “The Second Coming” (short poem)
Atwood plays with dystopian messianism and irony, suggesting the "next" coming might not be divine at all:
They say he will come again / But they don't say when.
Her tone is skeptical—hinting at the dangers of blind waiting.
ChatGPT said:
Would you like one written in the style of process theology or metamodern renewal? I'd be happy to draft an original one with those themes if you'd like.
1. W.B. Yeats – The Second Coming (1919)
We have to begin with the classic, which sets the tone for many future poems:
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world...And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?
This poem captures a vision of cyclical history, chaos, and a terrifying rebirth—rather than the triumphant return of Christ.
2. Gwendolyn Brooks – The Second Coming (published in In the Mecca, 1968)
Brooks’ poem directly addresses Black urban life and civil rights. Her "Second Coming" is social, radical, and grounded in political critique and empowerment. Though less well-known than Yeats's, it’s a fierce reclamation of the title for racial justice.
3. William Everson (Brother Antoninus) – The Second Coming (from The Residual Years, 1948–1968)
A Catholic mystic and poet, Everson uses the title to reflect on the return of Christ but fuses it with intense erotic and spiritual imagery. His take is intimate and theological, expressing longing and awe.
4. Peter Porter – The Second Coming (late 20th century)
An Australian-born British poet, Porter uses irony and dark humor to critique contemporary society’s expectations of salvation or destruction. His "Second Coming" is absurdist, casting doubt on whether any messiah could survive the modern world.
5. James Merrill – The Second Coming (from The Changing Light at Sandover, 1982)
Though it’s not a standalone poem, Merrill uses the phrase in a deeply metaphysical and esoteric context. His "Second Coming" becomes layered with psychic transmissions, occult meanings, and a postmodern twist.
6. Alternative & Indie Poets (online & self-published)
There are numerous poems titled The Second Coming on platforms like Poetry Foundation, PoemHunter, AllPoetry, and literary journals—many contemporary poets re-use the title to:
Echo Yeats ironically or critically
Reflect on current events (e.g. 9/11, COVID, climate change)
Reimagine divine return in feminist, queer, or postcolonial frameworks
Express personal spiritual transformation
A few examples:
Atwood’s poem (mentioned earlier)
“The Second Coming” by Drew Dellinger, linking environmentalism and cosmic hope
“The Second Coming” by Bhanu Kapil (experimental and fragmented, blending migration, trauma, and futurism)
ChatGPT said:
Would you like me to curate a PDF or text compilation of several poems titled “The Second Coming”? Or write a new one, inspired by process theology or current metamodern moods?
You said: Are there any by Thomas Hardy?
ChatGPT said:
Great question — while Thomas Hardy never wrote a poem explicitly titled “The Second Coming”, he did deeply engage with apocalyptic, eschatological, and religious disillusionment themes, especially around the decline of traditional Christian faith and the loss of divine order in the modern world.
Though he doesn't directly name a poem The Second Coming, several of Hardy’s poems feel like reflections on the idea — either yearning for, questioning, or grieving the absence of such an event. Here are a few that you might find especially resonant:
🔹 “God’s Funeral” (1910)
This is probably Hardy’s closest poetic meditation on the theme:
I saw a slowly-stepping train—Lined on the brows, scoop-eyed and bent and hoar—Following in files across a twilit plainA strange and mystic form the foremost bore.
Hardy imagines the death of God — a processional mourning of the loss of divine presence. It’s not the Second Coming… it’s the Second Leaving. The God once present has faded into absence.
🔹 “The Oxen” (1915)
A subtler, bittersweet poem reflecting on faith lost and yet still longed for, set during Christmas:
Now they are all on their knees,An elder said as we sat in a flockBy the embers in hearthside ease.
The speaker wants to believe, even though they know better. It’s a quiet lament — the hope of a Second Coming flickering against modern doubt.
🔹 “Channel Firing” (1914)
Set just before World War I, this poem imagines God awakening the dead from their graves due to the sound of naval gunnery — but only to say: Not yet.
It seemed a hundred fires were burning / The world’s new shellfire.
God delays the Judgment Day, knowing humanity isn’t ready — or perhaps is beyond saving. This poem could be Hardy’s most ironic take on the Second Coming, suggesting divine inaction or indifference in the face of destruction.
🔹 “A Christmas Ghost Story”
Also features a mysterious Christ figure:
“Peace upon earth!” was said.We sing it, and pay a million priests to bring it.After two thousand years of mass,We’ve got as far as poison-gas.
This bitter indictment of religious failure in wartime history questions the meaning or effectiveness of Christ’s first coming—let alone a second.
🌀 Hardy's Theological Vision
Hardy’s worldview is shaped by a melancholic agnosticism. He rejected dogmatic Christianity but still ached for cosmic meaning, often confronting the void left by the absence of a Second Coming. For Hardy, the real apocalypse may already have happened—when faith failed.
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