Exploring Evolution Series - What Is the Driving Force Behind Evolutionary Life? Perhaps "Adaptive (Replicating) Organization" Driven by "Energy Dissipation" (the Second Law of Thermodynamics)

Katherine Taylor for Quanta Magazin | Jeremy England, a 31-year-old physicist at MIT,
thinks he has found the underlying physics driving the origin and evolution of life.

This Physicist Has A Groundbreaking Idea About Why Life Exists

http://www.businessinsider.com/groundbreaking-idea-of-lifes-origin-2014-12

NATALIE WOLCHOVER, QUANTA MAGAZINE

DEC. 8, 2014, 4:48 PM

Why does life exist?

Popular hypotheses credit a primordial soup, a bolt of lightning, and a colossal stroke of luck.

But if a provocative new theory is correct, luck may have little to do with it. Instead, according to the physicist proposing the idea, the origin and subsequent evolution of life follow from the fundamental laws of nature and “should be as unsurprising as rocks rolling downhill.”

From the standpoint of physics, there is one essential difference between living things and inanimate clumps of carbon atoms: The former tend to be much better at capturing energy from their environment and dissipating that energy as heat. 

Jeremy England, a 31-year-old assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has derived a mathematical formula that he believes explains this capacity. The formula, based on established physics, indicates that when a group of atoms is driven by an external source of energy (like the sun or chemical fuel) and surrounded by a heat bath (like the ocean or atmosphere), it will often gradually restructure itself in order to dissipate increasingly more energy. This could mean that under certain conditions, matter inexorably acquires the key physical attribute associated with life.

Kristian Peters | Cells from the moss Plagiomnium affine with visible
chloroplasts, organelles that conduct photosynthesis by capturing sunlight.

“You start with a random clump of atoms, and if you shine light on it for long enough, it should not be so surprising that you get a plant,” England said.

England’s theory is meant to underlie, rather than replace, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, which provides a powerful description of life at the level of genes and populations. “I am certainly not saying that Darwinian ideas are wrong,” he explained. “On the contrary, I am just saying that from the perspective of the physics, you might call Darwinian evolution a special case of a more general phenomenon.”

His idea, detailed in a paper and further elaborated in a talk he is delivering at universities around the world, has sparked controversy among his colleagues, who see it as either tenuous or a potential breakthrough, or both.

England has taken “a very brave and very important step,” said Alexander Grosberg, a professor of physics at New York University who has followed England’s work since its early stages. The “big hope” is that he has identified the underlying physical principle driving the origin and evolution of life, Grosberg said.

“Jeremy is just about the brightest young scientist I ever came across,” said Attila Szabo, a biophysicist in the Laboratory of Chemical Physics at the National Institutes of Health who corresponded with England about his theory after meeting him at a conference. “I was struck by the originality of the ideas.”

Others, such as Eugene Shakhnovich, a professor of chemistry, chemical biology and biophysics at Harvard University, are not convinced. “Jeremy’s ideas are interesting and potentially promising, but at this point are extremely speculative, especially as applied to life phenomena,” Shakhnovich said.

England’s theoretical results are generally considered valid. It is his interpretation — that his formula represents the driving force behind a class of phenomena in nature that includes life — that remains unproven. But already, there are ideas about how to test that interpretation in the lab.

“He’s trying something radically different,” said Mara Prentiss, a professor of physics at Harvard who is contemplating such an experiment after learning about England’s work. “As an organizing lens, I think he has a fabulous idea. Right or wrong, it’s going to be very much worth the investigation.”

Courtesy of Jeremy England | A computer simulation by Jeremy England
and colleagues shows a system of particles confined inside a viscous fluid
in  which the turquoise particles are driven by an oscillating force. Over
time (from top to bottom), the force triggers the formation of more bonds
among the particles.

At the heart of England’s idea is the second law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of increasing entropy or the “arrow of time.” Hot things cool down, gas diffuses through air, eggs scramble but never spontaneously unscramble; in short, energy tends to disperse or spread out as time progresses. Entropy is a measure of this tendency, quantifying how dispersed the energy is among the particles in a system, and how diffuse those particles are throughout space. It increases as a simple matter of probability: There are more ways for energy to be spread out than for it to be concentrated.

Thus, as particles in a system move around and interact, they will, through sheer chance, tend to adopt configurations in which the energy is spread out. Eventually, the system arrives at a state of maximum entropy called “thermodynamic equilibrium,” in which energy is uniformly distributed. A cup of coffee and the room it sits in become the same temperature, for example.

As long as the cup and the room are left alone, this process is irreversible. The coffee never spontaneously heats up again because the odds are overwhelmingly stacked against so much of the room’s energy randomly concentrating in its atoms.

Although entropy must increase over time in an isolated or “closed” system, an “open” system can keep its entropy low — that is, divide energy unevenly among its atoms — by greatly increasing the entropy of its surroundings. In his influential 1944 monograph “What Is Life?” the eminent quantum physicist Erwin Schrödinger argued that this is what living things must do. A plant, for example, absorbs extremely energetic sunlight, uses it to build sugars, and ejects infrared light, a much less concentrated form of energy. The overall entropy of the universe increases during photosynthesis as the sunlight dissipates, even as the plant prevents itself from decaying by maintaining an orderly internal structure.

Life does not violate the second law of thermodynamics, but until recently, physicists were unable to use thermodynamics to explain why it should arise in the first place. In Schrödinger’s day, they could solve the equations of thermodynamics only for closed systems in equilibrium. In the 1960s, the Belgian physicist Ilya Prigogine made progress on predicting the behavior of open systems weakly driven by external energy sources (for which he won the 1977 Nobel Prize in chemistry). But the behavior of systems that are far from equilibrium, which are connected to the outside environment and strongly driven by external sources of energy, could not be predicted.

This situation changed in the late 1990s, due primarily to the work of Chris Jarzynski, now at the University of Maryland, and Gavin Crooks, now at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Jarzynski and Crooks showed that the entropy produced by a thermodynamic process, such as the cooling of a cup of coffee, corresponds to a simple ratio: the probability that the atoms will undergo that process divided by their probability of undergoing the reverse process (that is, spontaneously interacting in such a way that the coffee warms up). As entropy production increases, so does this ratio: A system’s behavior becomes more and more “irreversible.” The simple yet rigorous formula could in principle be applied to any thermodynamic process, no matter how fast or far from equilibrium. “Our understanding of far-from-equilibrium statistical mechanics greatly improved,” Grosberg said. England, who is trained in both biochemistry and physics, started his own lab at MIT two years ago and decided to apply the new knowledge of statistical physics to biology.

Using Jarzynski and Crooks’ formulation, he derived a generalization of the second law of thermodynamics that holds for systems of particles with certain characteristics: The systems are strongly driven by an external energy source such as an electromagnetic wave, and they can dump heat into a surrounding bath. This class of systems includes all living things. England then determined how such systems tend to evolve over time as they increase their irreversibility. “We can show very simply from the formula that the more likely evolutionary outcomes are going to be the ones that absorbed and dissipated more energy from the environment’s external drives on the way to getting there,” he said. The finding makes intuitive sense: Particles tend to dissipate more energy when they resonate with a driving force, or move in the direction it is pushing them, and they are more likely to move in that direction than any other at any given moment.

“This means clumps of atoms surrounded by a bath at some temperature, like the atmosphere or the ocean, should tend over time to arrange themselves to resonate better and better with the sources of mechanical, electromagnetic or chemical work in their environments,” England explained.

Courtesy of Michael Brenner | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Self-Replicating Sphere Clusters: According to new research at Harvard, coating

the surfaces of microspheres can cause them to spontaneously assemble into a

chosen structure, such as a polytetrahedron (red), which then triggers nearby

spheres  into forming an identical structure.

Self-replication (or reproduction, in biological terms), the process that drives the evolution of life on Earth, is one such mechanism by which a system might dissipate an increasing amount of energy over time.

As England put it, “A great way of dissipating more is to make more copies of yourself.”

In a September paper in the Journal of Chemical Physics, he reported the theoretical minimum amount of dissipation that can occur during the self-replication of RNA molecules and bacterial cells, and showed that it is very close to the actual amounts these systems dissipate when replicating.

He also showed that RNA, the nucleic acid that many scientists believe served as the precursor to DNA-based life, is a particularly cheap building material. Once RNA arose, he argues, its “Darwinian takeover” was perhaps not surprising.

The chemistry of the primordial soup, random mutations, geography, catastrophic events and countless other factors have contributed to the fine details of Earth’s diverse flora and fauna. But according to England’s theory, the underlying principle driving the whole process is dissipation-driven adaptation of matter.

This principle would apply to inanimate matter as well. “It is very tempting to speculate about what phenomena in nature we can now fit under this big tent of dissipation-driven adaptive organization,” England said. “Many examples could just be right under our nose, but because we haven’t been looking for them we haven’t noticed them.”

Scientists have already observed self-replication in nonliving systems. According to new research led by Philip Marcus of the University of California, Berkeley, and reported in Physical Review Letters in August, vortices in turbulent fluids spontaneously replicate themselves by drawing energy from shear in the surrounding fluid. And in a paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Michael Brenner, a professor of applied mathematics and physics at Harvard, and his collaborators present theoretical models and simulations of microstructures that self-replicate. These clusters of specially coated microspheres dissipate energy by roping nearby spheres into forming identical clusters. “This connects very much to what Jeremy is saying,” Brenner said.

Besides self-replication, greater structural organization is another means by which strongly driven systems ramp up their ability to dissipate energy. A plant, for example, is much better at capturing and routing solar energy through itself than an unstructured heap of carbon atoms. Thus, England argues that under certain conditions, matter will spontaneously self-organize. This tendency could account for the internal order of living things and of many inanimate structures as well. “Snowflakes, sand dunes and turbulent vortices all have in common that they are strikingly patterned structures that emerge in many-particle systems driven by some dissipative process,” he said. Condensation, wind and viscous drag are the relevant processes in these particular cases.

“He is making me think that the distinction between living and nonliving matter is not sharp,” said Carl Franck, a biological physicist at Cornell University, in an email. “I’m particularly impressed by this notion when one considers systems as small as chemical circuits involving a few biomolecules.”

Wilson Bentley | If a new theory is correct, the same physics it identifies as
responsible for the origin of  living things could explain the formation of
many  other patterned structures in nature. Snowflakes, sand dunes and
self-replicating vortices in the protoplanetary disk may all be examples
of  dissipation-driven adaptation.

England’s bold idea will likely face close scrutiny in the coming years. 

He is currently running computer simulations to test his theory that systems of particles adapt their structures to become better at dissipating energy. The next step will be to run experiments on living systems.

Prentiss, who runs an experimental biophysics lab at Harvard, says England’s theory could be tested by comparing cells with different mutations and looking for a correlation between the amount of energy the cells dissipate and their replication rates.

“One has to be careful because any mutation might do many things,” she said. “But if one kept doing many of these experiments on different systems and if [dissipation and replication success] are indeed correlated, that would suggest this is the correct organizing principle.”

Brenner said he hopes to connect England’s theory to his own microsphere constructions and determine whether the theory correctly predicts which self-replication and self-assembly processes can occur — “a fundamental question in science,” he said.

Having an overarching principle of life and evolution would give researchers a broader perspective on the emergence of structure and function in living things, many of the researchers said. “Natural selection doesn’t explain certain characteristics,” said Ard Louis, a biophysicist at Oxford University, in an email. These characteristics include a heritable change to gene expression called methylation, increases in complexity in the absence of natural selection, and certain molecular changes Louis has recently studied.

If England’s approach stands up to more testing, it could further liberate biologists from seeking a Darwinian explanation for every adaptation and allow them to think more generally in terms of dissipation-driven organization. They might find, for example, that “the reason that an organism shows characteristic X rather than Y may not be because X is more fit than Y, but because physical constraints make it easier for X to evolve than for Y to evolve,” Louis said.

“People often get stuck in thinking about individual problems,” Prentiss said. Whether or not England’s ideas turn out to be exactly right, she said, “thinking more broadly is where many scientific breakthroughs are made.”

Emily Singer contributed reporting.

Rob & Kristen Bell - The Zimzum of Love: A New Way of Understanding Marriage

Lord of the Harvest

Chasing Cars : Snow Patrol - Movie Montage

In "making room for the other" we remove ourselves
from "the other's room" until it may more gently be
filled with the other's space that we had once occupied.
And then, by mutal admission, are allowed back into
the rooms of our loved one in mutual occupation of
love and respect. This is the tzim-tzum of divine love.

                                               - r.e. slater

It is with admission that the postmodern church of the 21st century has entered into the era of post-Christianity and by this admission Relevancy22 was birthed to serve as a reference site for post-modern, post-Christian, theological spaces. As such, this site will look at contemporary issues and doctrinal topics from this perspective rather than the older, more traditional perspective that this author and others have been stamped heart-and-soul with over the many long years of faithfulness and service to Fundamental and conservative Evangelical churches. As such, we speak sympathetically but knowingly and strongly.

The growing chasm between the church then and now is as wide-and-deep as the novice reader would suppose. Nor was it with any degree of speed - or without deep anguish of heart and soul - that its gaping maw was crossed over in an attempt to update, upgrade, and essentially reboot, an old-timey Christianity whose 500 year-old bones must be reverently, but finally, laid to rest. RIP, old friend. Be at peace.

And with this assessment, along with the strong, supernatural sense of the burden of the Holy Spirit, Relevancy22 was born to speak to this new era of post-modern, post-Christianity. Not by "throwing out the baby with the bath water," as the saying goes, but by dissecting it piece-by-piece in a more contemporary doctrinal arrangement that would allow life-and-breath back into the dying corpse of Christianity that has been rotting away for too long under dogmas of judgment, exclusion, isolation, discrimination, a general malaise of dithering, self-righteousness, and the fiction of a powerful religious folklore long since determinative of its own future than of any act of the Holy Spirit excluded by its bona fide resources of sanctity and sanctimoniousness.

Harsh words? Yes. But spoken with a deep care and love for God's church and its many good people needing truer, more literate shepherds in the pulpits of the Lord. Asked a different way, "How would the prophets of yore have come to the people of God do you suppose?" With a meek word and groveling posture? By weakly speaking "By your leave" and "Might I say?" to the congregants within the Lord's temple? No, I think not.

The prophets of old, like the Jesus of the Gospels, came with a mighty voice, a strong spirit, and a "Thus saith the Word of the Lord" against all obstacles, naysayers, enemies, and determined foes. They did not back down when speaking judgment measured from an all-gracious God whose heart was broken before a hard-headed, hard-hearted people wishing only to grasp their idols, listen to their false prophets, and pretend that everything is the same as it ever was. Would we expect anything less today of God who is alive and well and inhabiting planet Earth? No, not really.

Introduction to "Tzimtum"

[cf. Wikipedia for further discussion]

And so, to my voice and the voices of those who are quoted in the length and breadth of this website comes another old and familiar voice. That of Rob Bell and now his wife, Kristen, whom I-and-my-wife know as past friends and servants to the Spirit of the Lord from Mars Hill. In their newest book they speak together as one voice to a non-Christian generation of disspirited, disillusioned, perhaps agnostic or atheistic generations of disbelievers about the Lord to the ready sacrament of marriage without using the long, pontificating words of the church overfilled with dogmatic (as versus good, healthy doctrinal) import that is all too familiar to our dulled ears. (By the way, I said familiar biblical doctrines, but perhaps not understood nor connected in any wholistic way as we commonly think of them within the church. Accordingly, this blogsite has made a feast of such attitudes I'm sorry to say).

It is a good book, a solid book, but quirky and filled with the expected Robbisms of new speech and new ideas that will challenge the more conservative student of Scriptures. For myself, I have learned a long time ago to remember to bear Jesus' cross... not Rob's. That I'm not placed here on this earth to bear Rob's cross except as a brother in the Lord who is being used in other ways than the more typical church models of service and servanthood. Nay, my cross, as should be all of our crosses, is that of the Lord's alone. If we do this than we speak with God's voice and not that of another.

Hence, let us start by saying that the title of the Bell's book is not "zim-zum" but, in the Hebraic language, "SIM-sum". If you check the language dictionary you'll see that the initial "z" of zimzum is a transliteration from the Hebrew into English. But in Hebrew that "z" is actually a "ts" like "sit, zit, zilch, and zumba".

It also consists of two syllables - a "zit" and a "zum" where the first takes on the harder strike of the tongue and the latter a softer pronunciation almost as an afterthought. Thus, we would say "TSIT" really hard and "tsum" really soft as if you are expelling your breath.

Lastly, "zimzum" is spelled in Hebrew as "tzim-tzum". So, put it all together, and it sounds like "TSIM-tsum". Cool, eh?

But what does it mean? It essentially means "creating an empty space for a new thing to form." As held within the ancient sects of Jewish mysticism this took on its own meaning pertinent to that sect or cult's idea of God. And, as you would realize, most cults (and some sects) fixate upon some "new" spiritual meaning that has come to their group to spin it off in a trajectory more towards their own envisioning words and ideologies than perhaps the Lord's. Essentially then, trading one religious dogma for another, more human, dogma. But we do this all the time, which again is why the church has its theologians to question and reflect even as colleges and universities have their own professors doing the same. Each attempting to keep to the foundations of a churchly or scholarly idea without losing sight of the overall import to the societal structure at large.

For instance, in science, a theory is a theory until it becomes qualified as a "natural law". Similarly, a spiritual insight or theological teaching doesn't automatically become part of the church's doctrinal foundation without becoming qualified by the worshipping community as a whole. Basic liturgy within Christianity understands what a denomination is apart from a sect or a cult. Moving left to right a Christian fellowship may slowly, by degrees, part from its origination point until it has become something other than what it once was. Jewish mysticism, like Christian mysticism, is no different.

And so, "TSIM-tsum" became a non-traditional Jewish teaching that led to other things. It dealt with paradoxes and philosophies and religion in a mixed bag of ideas seeking to sort itself out along lines of mystical thought about God, self, and life itself. Where Christian teaching differs from mysticism is that its mystical center is God Himself who is both mystery and revelation to His people. But, it is important, that the God of the Bible has e-x-p-l-a-i-n-e-d Himself through the words of His prophets, the personal stories of His servants and non-servants alike, and even within the events of history itself. God doesn't maintain His silence or remove His words from us but makes every effort that we should know Him as He wishes to be known. He is no mystery! And so, Christianity is not a mystery religion whose center is hidden in secrecy and darkness. No, this God has revealed Himself. And ultimately through Jesus Christ as the second person of the triune Godhead become incarnated as a man to this good earth whacked by sin and ruin.

A New Christmas Message - One of Peace and Solidarity with the World

So then, God does not wish to be a secret even though any Christian man or woman will be the first to tell you that in the knowing of God through His Word He is still beyond our imaginings and is mysterious to us in many ways ontologically and metaphysically. However, that mystery become incarnated flesh in the person-and-work of Jesus who is the very Word of God Himself. Not simply a prophet, a priest, a judge, or a man, but more than these.

Yes, Jesus was the spoken, revealed Word of God. Who became the Offerer as well as the Offering as the Most High Priest/Mediator and Lamb of God. Who became for us the suffering Servant of Isaiah whom we know as Emmanuel, God with us, in the Gospels. And yet, through it all, He became the incarnated God who lived amongst us even as He was the r-e-v-e-l-a-t-i-o-n of God to us through His earthly life, words, and actions so we might better see and understand this God of the bible we would worship and seek to understand.

As such, Christianity is mystical in its essence, but must also be regarded as a revealed religion - which is why Christianity is not simply a mystery religion just as ancient Judaism was not a mystery religion in the Old Testament. And yet, within both eras of the Old and New Testament religious mystical groups would arise to add (or subtract) from biblical doctrine according to their philosophies, preferences, and ideologies. But it is important to know that the God of creation has taken pains (both figuratively and literally) to reveal His heart, mind, plans, and purposes, to us in innumerable ways of examples and ancient stories. And now it behooves us to become better listeners than we thought we were to this very same God of redemption and recreation, renewal and life, in this post-Christian age that we now live.

Thus today's straight-forward, measured words to the traditional church of the 21st century resisting God's newer words which are actually older words neither secret nor mysterious to its life and practice. Words that are being spoken through non-typical orifices of prophets and publicans alike as God's revealed words to a contemporary postmodern, post-Christian generation. A pagan context demanding we think differently - and in newer ways - while remembering that once Christianity's more ancient spiritual center is found so too will be found the lively God of Scripture in a more profound, more passionate, more forceful way, than we thought possible or could believe.

Perhaps what we are living through is the Age of Kingdom as it breaks into man's more parochial churchly structures to experience its tension between the Gospel of Jesus to the words of man. Even so we know this to be true ever since our Lord and Savior came so many years ago. That even as the Church Age replaced Israel's Kingdom Age so now is God's heavenly Kingdom breaking into this very Church Age we live within. Creating with it a reversal of structures, an upside-down character of weak and strong, a salt-and-light yeasty thing, intermixing ancient thoughts with newer thoughts, until the tensors of God's Kingdom at the last replaces the very Church itself before the advent of Christ who has come to disrupt and displace man's kingdoms both lost and found. This is the kind of thing only the God of universe who has come to us can do. Not a thing that is created by us with feeble hands. But by His holy designs of love and peace upon a sin-torn world of injustice, war, greed, and pride. This is the kind of God who has come to disrupt our very lives within its torn fabrics of conscience and misery, hurts and harms, desperate plights and ingracious lives, built upon the sacrileges of self-righteousness, legalism, and prideful living.

And thus and thus the Kingdom of God has become acutely problematic for us, the church of God, as we listen to God's newer, disruptive words to our hearts as we try to comprehend them without killing the messengers of God whom He has sent to speak to us between the tensions of this age and the age to come. In reality, for many of God's prophets it ended badly as God's people slew them and then went about their hard-bitten lives oblivious to God until final judgment came upon them as a thief in the night within the tent folds of their ancient societies. Let us not do the same. But let us be wiser servants of the Lord, united in cause and in spirit, to the glistening Words of the Lord not unlike the 10 virgins of the Lord come to seek Him with lit candle-lamps in the black darks of a benighted , bewildered world. Amen.

R.E. Slater

December 22, 2014
updated December 29, 2014

* * * * * * * * * * *

Amazon Link

Book Contents

As he revolutionized traditional teaching on hell in the phenomenal New York Times bestseller Love Wins, Rob Bell now transforms how we understand and practice marriage in The Zimzum of Love, co-written with his wife, Kristen.

Despite the divorce statistics, people are still committing to each other, instinctively believing and hoping that theirs is a sacred union that will last forever. Yet when these couples encounter problems, they often lack the resources that keep them connected to this greater mystery surrounding marriage.

Rob and Kristen Bell introduce a startling new way of looking at marriage, The Zimzum of Love. Zimzum is a Hebrew term where God, in order to have a relationship with the world, contracts, creating space for the creation to exist. In marriage, zimzum is the dynamic energy field between two partners, in which each person contracts to allow the other to flourish. Mastering this field, this give and take of energy, is the secret to what makes marriage flourish.

Rob and Kristen Bell are brutally honest about their own struggles, their ups and downs, as together they pass along what matters most for couples. In this wise book, they explore the secret of what makes a happy union—probing the mystery at the heart of the extraordinary emotional connection that binds two people. With his down-to-earth charm, a dose of whimsy, and memorable stories, Rob, writing with his wife Kristen, changes how we consider marriage, providing insight that can help all of us create satisfying and sacred unions of our own.

Product Details

Hardcover: 160 pages

Publisher: HarperOne (October 28, 2014)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0062194240

ISBN-13: 978-0062194244

Customer Review

A Helpful Way to Talk about Christian Marriage Outside the Church

by JR. Forasteros

November 1, 2014

You may not have heard, but Rob Bell put out a new book. More specifically, Rob and his wife, Kristen, dropped a book last week called The Zimzum of Love: A New Way of Understanding Marriage. (Now that Rob has published a marriage book and Mark Driscoll has resigned from his Mars Hill Church, the eerily-similar career trajectory of these two guys continues to get creepier).

The Zimzum of Love is a short, quick read. As with most of Rob’s books, it’s light and playful, while not shying away from deeper waters. It’s good. It’s helpful. Did I mention it’s short? Is it worth your time?

The Zimzum of Love claims to be a new way to understand marriage. Is it?

Yes… and no. Depends on who you’re talking to. When Rob left his church in 2012, he made a conscious decision to step out of pastoring in a church to pastoring outside the Church. His last book - What We Talk About When We Talk About God – reflects that trajectory, and The Zimzum of Love. In other words, Christians looking for a deep book on marriage should probably go check out Tim Keller’s The Meaning of Marriage instead.

Rob and Kristen wrote a book on Christian marriage for non-Christian people.

The Zimzum of Love is a celebration of the sacramental nature of marriage, grounded in Trinitarian life and love of God. You won’t find the word “sacrament” anywhere in the book (and Trinity only once or twice), but that’s the point. This picture of marriage is good news to people who don’t know it, but only if they can understand it.

Rob and Kristen use language that sounds much more at home on the O Network [Oprah's OWN] than in a pulpit. This will doubtless make Evangelicals looking for something to complain about happy; they’ll surely find the confirmation they were seeking that Rob has abandoned Orthodox Christianity in favor of the trendy spirituality-lite. That’s an exceptionally uncharitable reading of the book, and if that’s what you choose, it’s too bad, because you’ll miss the real benefits of the book for both Christians and non-Christians.

The Zimzum of Love should be read more like a latter-day incarnation of Paul’s sermon at Mars Hill.

Rob and Kristen show Christians a new way to talk about marriage. (Well, it’s not actually new… Christians have been talking about marriage as a sacrament for quite a long time. Evangelicals just aren’t very good at it these days.) As did Paul, he begins where people outside the Church are and invites them slowly, inexoribly closer to the center of the life of the Trinity.

Their thesis is that marriage is sacramental. Whether you’re explicitly, intentionally following Jesus or not, marriage can orient you towards God. Marriage can be an opportunity for and means of grace in your life, if you choose to play along. As they say:

"Marriage has the uniquely powerful capacity to transform you both into more loving and generous and courageous and compassionate people."

The Zimzum of Love explores what exactly a sacramental marriage looks like. They begin, of course, with the concept of zimzum. Though they borrow the concept from Jewish mysticism, they steer clear of the rabbit hole, settling for a simple explanation:

"[Rabbis contend] that for something to exist that wasn’t God, God had to contract or withdraw from a certain space so that something else, something other than God, could exist and thrive in that space. And the word they used for this divine contraction is zimzum. God zimzums so that everything we know to be everything can exist and thrive."

Rob and Kristen use the concept of zimzum as a picture of the self-sacrificing love that is the heart of the trinity. They don’t “go there” until nearly the end of the book, but a discerning theological reader should pick up on that right away (again, the brilliance of the book). The rest of the book, then is a movement from zimzum to Trinity, exploring what it looks like to love another person with this sort of self-effacing love, a love that makes intentional space for the Other within the Self.

And if that sounds heady and complicated, don’t worry. The Zimzum of Love is anything but. It’s clear, compelling, accessible and practical.

Rob and Kristen use humor, wit and lots of personal anecdotes to make the book an easy but helpful read. Their vision of marriage is inspiring and exciting. It’s not easy – and they’re open about that. They also offer questions at the end of the book to help a couple walk through the book together.

I do a lot of weddings, for both Christian and non-Christian couples. Ever since I read [Tim] Keller’s The Meaning of Marriage, it’s been my go-to for Christian couples. But as excellent as Keller’s book is, the degree to which it’s steeped in Christian language and theology makes it off-putting for people who aren’t Christians. I’ve found myself using ideas and concepts from the book rather than the book itself.

I plan to offer non-Christian couples The Zimzum of Love. Rob and Kristien articulate many of the same ideas and theological truths, but in ways that are more accessible and relatable for people who aren’t Jesus-followers. Rob and Kristen present Marriage as an invitation into the life of God. As they say near the end of the book:

"In this trinitarian understanding of God, love is the engine of the universe, the life force that surges through all of creation… This love takes us back to that first impulse you had to zimzum for this person you love. When you zimzum, you are aligning yourself with the most foundational creative energies of the universe. You’re experiencing the same love that sustains the world."

The Zimzum of Love is an excellent resource for the Church.

Marriage done well can connect us to the first love of creation.It doesn’t take a Counseling degree to see that the larger culture doesn’t care to hear what the Church has to say about marriage. At the same time, relationships in our culture are a mess. We’re more alone, more isolated, than at any point in our history.

Our culture hasn’t quit listening to the Church because what we have to say is untrue. Christian marriage is still the best hope we have to know and be known as we truly desire. Our message has become irrelevant because we’re not speaking the language of our culture anymore (and because our marriages aren’t particularly compelling all-too-often).

While traditional theological language may be very helpful for those inside the Church (and I mean inside the Church tradition – we have plenty of people in our buildings who are theological outsiders), more and more of our culture is outside the Christian theological tradition. If we want to speak meaningfully to them about love and relationships and sex and all the other things wrapped up in marriage, we must learn to speak their language.

The Zimzum of Love is an excellent starting point for us to learn how to speak meaningfully about marriage with those outside the Church.

One final note – most people who have followed Rob Bell know that shortly after he left Mars Hill, he came out in support of Marriage Equality. Early in the book, he and Kristen make it clear that wasn’t a misquote:

"Marriage – gay and straight – is a gift to the world because the world needs

more – not less – love, fidelity, commitment, devotion, and sacrifice."

Disagreeing with Rob about this point is enough to make many Evangelicals toss the book across the room and quit reading.

I would challenge you to keep reading, no matter what your views on this issue are. Here’s why:

First, that’s literally the only time in the book the issue comes up. Throughout the rest of the book, Rob and Kristen speak about “husbands and wives” - even eschewing the language of “partners”. I spent some time trying to figure out why they chose to do this and couldn’t for the life of me. I would assume a gay couple reading this book might still feel alienated by the rest of the marriage language in the book. And since Rob is always so careful about his words, I am not sure what to make of this.

Second, whether you agree with Rob and Kristen’s view on Marriage Equality or not, their sacramental view of marriage is still spot-on. If you think only straight marriages are sacramental, but Rob and Kristen think gay marriages are too, you can still benefit from the picture of marriage they endorse in the book. That one sentence aside, Marriage Equality doesn’t show up once in the whole book, not even obliquely.

So does The Zimzum of Love offer a new way to think about marriage?

Yes. For non-Christians, it offers a powerful, sacramental view of marriage as an invitation into the deep mystery of God. For Christians, it offers a fresh, meaningful way to talk about distinctively Christian, Trinitarian marriage with those who are outside the Christian theological tradition. Rob and Kristen point us toward incarnational language that invites us all to have healthier, more loving marriages. As they conclude:

"When you are faithful to each other, zimzuming as you act for the well-being of the other,

the space between you becomes a place in the universe that isn’t broken and divided but

one and whole… There is a larger purpose to your marriage… one that shapes each of

 you into better people as it makes the world a better place."

BOTTOM LINE: The Zimzum of Love offers a powerful vision of marriage in language our culture can understand and engage. It’s not written for Christians, but Christians can use it as a guide to engage the larger world.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

Rob Bell, Billy Graham, and the Zimzum of Oprah

http://www.newsandpews.com/rob-bell-billy-graham-and-the-zimzum-of-oprah/
DECEMBER 15, 2014

It is that magical time of the year, but I am not feeling it. My holiday feasting seems to be savory servings of irritation, deep fried in frustration, and generously layered with melancholy gravy. Bon appetit.

What’s bothering me? Christians. The church. My brothers and sisters who are supposedly on the same journey with me—called by God to become like Christ—and yet seem to be going in such different directions.

Can I get this off my chest? I am hoping it will help.

Take the reaction from some Christians to Rob Bell’s new book, which he wrote with his wife Kristen, The Zimzum of Love. I try to be like Rob and ignore the criticism, but part of my job is tracking what Christians are talking about. And these critics are proudly shouting out their attacks, thinking it counts as righteousness. Rob found the word zimzum in the Jewish Kabbalah! He toured with Oprah and has a new show on her channel—he’s gone New Age! He hardly quotes the Bible anymore!

One only has to read the book’s introduction to discover that Rob takes the idea of zimzum (God had to withdraw to make space for us, his creation, to thrive) and applies it in a wholly original way, to marriage. So why would the idea’s source in the Kabbalah even count as important, let alone count more than whether it’s true or false, right or wrong? And what is “new age” about the idea that in marriage you contract to make room for your partner to thrive, while they do the same for you? Talking about how well the relational energy flows between a couple only counts as heresy if you worship at the altar of I’m Okay, You’re Okay. News flash: seventies-era psychology and nineteenth-century pietism are not the only paradigms Christians can use for understanding relationships.

There was also a parody in a prestigious Christian publication, Books & Culture, satirizing the back-room machinations of publishers pushing Rob Bell. In the parody the “Shadow Government of Religious Publishing” (presumably, HarperOne) likes religion as a category (because it sells) but hates evangelicals (because we are demonic), and so we love Rob, allegedly, because he sounds Christian but softens or undermines the faith by using words like zimzum and because he likes sacred but not holiness. That’s why Oprah loves him, too.

Get it? I didn’t.

I am all for laughing at myself. Beats crying or whining. But how did the writer, Jason Hood, not notice that his humor only works if readers already see themselves as the pure and righteous good guys, like Hood? People reveal more than they realize in their humor. Look at what words he attacks Rob for not saying: sin, holiness, righteousness, prayer, repentance, submission, Satan, sin, cross, God’s design and plan for the world—“you know, Genesis, male-female complementarity, that sort of thing.”

So why attack someone already deemed outside the tribe? Why is Hood so anxious that he needs to question the faith of anyone who responds positively to Rob? Has anyone else noticed that people who insist on using the language he wants Christians to use are not creating the kinds of Christians anyone wants to be around—especially the younger people fleeing the church? This is pure humor—as in, only for the righteous remnant unstained by the evil world.

When Billy Graham’s ministry started to blossom, he faced a difficult decision. Was God calling him to stick with the categories he inherited from the fundamentalists and evangelicals he emerged from, or should he open new doors as long as he could preach the gospel freely? He chose the latter. He began to invite mainline Protestants and, eventually, even Catholics to participate in his work. Overnight Billy Graham went from hero to enemy number one in many conservatives’ eyes. How could he consort with the enemy? they wondered.

So here’s a different take on Rob Bell. Rob felt called by God to reach people who won’t go to church. He first did this by building a new kind of church, which many people loved. Next he tried reaching them by videos and books, which eventually caused some tension with his church work. So he decided to stay true to his calling, gave up his security, and moved to California to see if he could use television to reach the unchurched. After several experiments, he eventually got the green light to develop a show with Oprah’s OWN Channel (debuting December 21) and to go on a speaking tour with her. Being a gifted communicator and a deep student of God and Scripture, he strategized how he could further God’s kingdom by framing his message in ways that do not put off readers and listeners and yet connect people with God/life/soul through the way of death and resurrection (a theme in all his books).

And when he is in front of an audience, he connects. People respond to his spirit and his message. Even Oprah.

So is befriending Oprah a sign of compromise or of success? Just remember that, despite the fantasies held by Books & Culture’s humorists, you don’t get your own television show or tour with Oprah simply because you compromise your Christian faith. Sorry. Not that easy. Something more is needed, something exceptional, something rare, something that may even be worth celebrating.

So why all the animosity for Rob who, otherwise, might seem to be an evangelical success story? Here’s a line Hood puts in the mouth of one of the demonic publishers for why they like Rob: “He kinda looks evangelical, but he’s cool with gay marriage.”

Really? A “sin” that costs suburban white heterosexuals nothing to condemn is the measure of whether one is right with God? Convenient.

And that is why I am looking forward to Christmas. We desperately need Jesus to come back to his church. O come, O come, Emmanuel.

Michael G. Maudlin

Senior Vice President and Executive Editor

Is God's love limited to the heterosexual? No. There
are legitimate homosexual bonds out there too...what
the church is calling "gay marriages". And so, let us
not neglect those couples who may as well enact the
tzim-tzum of God's love within their marriage bonds.

                                                                 - r.e. slater


Luce & Rachel // Feels Like I'm in Love // Imagine Me & You

4 Teachings of Jesus That His Followers (Almost) Never Take Seriously

4 Teachings of Jesus That His Followers (Almost) Never Take Seriously

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brandan-robertson/4-teachings-of-jesus-that_b_6343320.html

by Brandan Robertson

[This post originally appeared on The Revangelical Blog on Patheos]

December 18, 2014\

It's no secret that those of us who claim to follow Jesus Christ consistently fall short of living up to the way of life of our Rabbi. Being a disciple of Jesus is a lifelong journey towards conforming ourselves to the image and way of life that Jesus taught. However, so often, followers of Jesus chose to blatantly ignore some of the clearest instruction of our Rabbi and obscure it with vague theology so that we can get off the hook. Other times, followers of Jesus are taught something explicitly contradictory to the plain words of Jesus and then spend their lives obeying the instruction they received instead of the commands of Jesus.

However we end up at the place of disobedience, all of us who claim to be followers of Jesus struggle to obey the commands of our Lord. One of the most transformative periods in my faith was when I took time to re-read the Gospels of the New Testament and get reacquainted with Jesus' himself, in his own words. As I studied the words of Jesus, I discovered that so much of what he asks of us as his disciples is incredibly clear and yet so much of it was new to me. I had never heard it in church or Sunday school or actually heard someone teach the exact opposite of the words of Christ. It was during that season of my life where I took inventory of how I lived and what I believed and aligned to the person and teachings of Christ that my faith was radically transformed for the better.

Below I have compiled a short list of 4 clear teachings of Jesus that most of us who exist within Evangelicalism have either never heard, refuse to acknowledge, or believe the exact opposite of. It's my hope that by rereading these teachings of Christ, you will be inspired, like I have been, to return to the Gospels and begin to reshape your faith and life around the way and teachings of our Master, Jesus. Get ready and buckle up, because most of what Jesus says is pretty bold and potent. It'll shake up your faith!

1. Jesus, not the Bible, is God's living and active Word that brings life.

"You don't have His word living in you, because you don't believe the One He sent. You study the Scriptures because you think you have eternal life in them, yet they testify about Me. And you are not willing to come to Me so that you may have life."- John 5:39-40 HCSB

The Christian life is one that is fundamentally rooted in the reality that Jesus Christ is living and active. He interacts with us on a day to day basis and desires that we cultivate an intimate relationship with him. The more we commune with the Spirit of Christ, the more life and truth we are exposed to and are able to comprehend. However, for many Evangelicals, we rely more on the Bible than we do on the living and active Spirit of God within us. We fear that following the Spirit could lead to confusion and subjectivity and so we root our faith in the Bible. The problem is that a faith that is rooted in the Scripture alone is not sustainable. It will dry up and wither on the vine. While the Bible is an important and authoritative guide for Christian faith and practice, it isn't the foundation or center of our faith- Jesus is. And if we truly believe that he is alive, we should also have faith that communing with him will produce spiritual life within us. He is the living Word that we can ask anything to and expect, in faith, to receive and answer. Sometimes he will speak through Scripture. Other times he will speak through our friends and family. Other times he will find unique and special ways to reveal himself to us. But in order to maintain a vibrant and living faith, we must not make the Bible our substitute for communion with the living Word of God. Studying Scripture is valuable, but nowhere near as valuable as cultivating a day to day relationship with the God incarnate.

2. The only way to enter the Kingdom of Heaven is through DOING the will of God.

"Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven." Matthew 7:21 ESV

"An expert in the law stood up to test Him, saying, "Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?""What is written in the law?" He asked him. "How do you read it?"He answered: Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself."You've answered correctly," He told him. "Do this and you will live."- Luke 10: 25-28 HCSB

"We are saved by faith alone, apart from works!" This is a very popular Protestant catch phrase. The doctrine of sola fide (faith alone) was developed by the Reformers in response to the Roman Catholic Churches corrupted teachings that emerged in the 16th Century teaching that one could gain favor with God and shave off years in Hell and Purgatory by giving money to the church or doing acts of penance. The intention of the doctrine of faith alone was very good- to correct the error that our salvation could be earned or that God's grace could be manipulated. But like most doctrines that are formulated in response to another group's doctrine, it often goes too far. One of the clearest teachings throughout all four Gospel accounts is that the way to enter the Kingdom of God is through living in obedience to the Law of Christ. Time and time again, Jesus makes very clear statements that condemn those who think that they will be saved because they believe the right things or do the right religious rituals. Jesus responds to people who believe they are religious and deserve heaven by saying that their outward religiosity is detestable to God and the only thing God desires is that they would exercise their faith by obeying the command of God- to do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly. (Micah 6:8) Jesus says if anyone claims to be right with God but doesn't serve the poor, needy, oppressed, marginalized, sick, diseased, and sinful, then they do not have a relationship with God. No matter what they proclaim with their lips. No matter how religious they may appear. Jesus says those who don't obey will have no part in his Kingdom. He makes very clear that the way to "inherit eternal life" is through loving God and loving our neighbor. Isn't it astonishing, then, how many Christians today have been taught that salvation comes through right believing instead of right practice- a message that is fundamentally contrary to the words of Jesus. (And even more to his little brother James who says, "You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone." James 2:24 ESV)

3. Condemnation isn't Jesus' style.

"I have not come to condemn the world, but to save it." John 3:17 ESV

"Neither do I condemn you. Go and sin no more."- John 8:11 ESV

Many modern day Evangelical preachers spend a lot of time talking about the kinds of people that God is opposed to and who he condemns. They spend time talking about how to transition from a position of condemnation before God to a position of Grace through believing the right things about Jesus. They often talk about those who disagree or live contrary to their understanding of what is "righteous" as those who are under condemnation from God. But what's funny is that as one examines the teachings and life of Jesus, we find him not only befriending, loving, and affirming some of his societies most despised and vile people, but chastising the religious leaders who condemned them for their sin. Whether it is Jesus' conversation with Rabbi Niccodemus in John 3 where Christ explains that it is his mission to redeem the world and not to condemn it or the instance where a woman is caught in the act of adultery and is taken outside to be stoned by the religious officials (as the law required) and Jesus steps in to stop the condemnation and proclaim freedom and forgiveness to the broken woman, it is clear that Jesus is not in the condemning business. Instead, it seems Christ is in the business of restoring humanity to the most broken and wicked of people. It seems that his passion is to see the weak, sick, and broken become strong, healthy, and whole in his Kingdom. It seems that he spends very little time (almost none) telling sinners why they're wrong or speaking words of condemnation over them, but rather practically loving and extending grace to the most screwed up of individuals. Maybe we Evangelicals, who are known for our condemnation of entire people groups with whom we disagree, could learn something from Jesus on this point.

4. You're supposed to sacrifice yourself and speak words of blessings for those you disagree with the most.

"Love Your Enemies and Bless Those Who Persecute You" Matthew 5:44 ESV

It seems like every week there is a new major controversy taking place within the Church. Most of the time, the situation revolves around one group of Christians disagreeing with another and then taking to the internet to write slanderous posts about the other. If it's not infighting, then it is Christians engaging in culture wars, working to defeat those whom we disagree with politically and socially by painting them as soul-less monsters. But that response is absolutely contrary to the way of Jesus. Jesus calls his followers to love the people they disagree with most and to speak blessings over them when all we really want to do is curse them out. No matter what the situation is or what kind of enemy we have, Christians are called to bless the people who hurt us the most. This includes in theological battles, political disagreements, national wars, and personal conflicts. Christians are called to a radical position of nonviolence and forgiveness, grace, and even blessing of our enemies. There is no way around it. And when Christians chose to ignore these clear teachings, our hypocrisy is glaringly obvious to the watching world. Want some proof? Take a couple minutes to watch this clip of the famous Agnostic Comedian, Bill Maher, talk about Christian's refusal to obey the teaching of Jesus. (Contains explicit language)

Bill Maher nails it!

Uploaded on May 17, 2011

Atheist, Bill Maher, makes a pointed and controversial commentary

on Christians celebrating the murder of Osama bin Laden.

That video may be hard to stomach but Bill Maher is 100% correct. "If you ignore every single thing Jesus commanded you to do, you're not a Christian."

The point of this post is to encourage those of us who claim to be followers of Jesus to reexamine how we are living our lives and practicing our faith. It is so easy to get so caught up in the flow that we fail to recognize just how far away from shore we have been carried. The words of Jesus are pretty darn clear, but oftentimes in our zealousness for our faith, we often get pulled away from the basics and eventually end up living in a way that we believe is honoring to God, but is actually contradictory to everything he has taught us.

In this post, I have offered just four examples. There and hundreds of teachings contained in the 4 Gospels of the New Testament, teachings that, if we obeyed, would absolutely flip our lives and world upside-down for the glory of God and the good of all people. What the Church as a whole and Evangelicals in particular desperately need in this age is a return to the plain teachings of Jesus. We need to be willing to set aside out theological debates and meanderings for a season and focus on simply reading, conforming, and obeying the will of Christ, both as revealed in Scripture and as we are led by his Spirit. The world is desperately longing to encounter Jesus through us and for far too long we have been giving them a cheap knock off that we have exported under his name. But it's clear to everyone that what is passing for Christianity today is almost totally divorced from the teachings of Jesus Christ.

My prayer is that we would all turn our faces towards our risen Savior and seek to selflessly follow his commands. I am convinced that the Jesus' way is the only way that will heal our broken world. I am convinced that the whole earth is groaning as it waits for men and women to take of their crosses and follow in the way of redemption. I am convinced that when those of us who call ourselves "Christian" re-orient ourselves in Jesus, the power of God will flow through us in an unprecedented and miraculous way that will bring salvation to the ends of the earth. Oh how I long for that day.

‎"Those who aren't following Jesus aren't his followers. It's that simple. Followers follow,

and those who don't follow aren't followers. To follow Jesus means to follow Jesus into

a society where justice rules, where love shapes everything. To follow Jesus means to

take up his dream and work for it."  - Scot McKnight