A PROCESS THEOLOGY VIEW
OF UNIVERSALISM:
Hope Without Coercion
PART 1
by R.E. Slater and ChatGPT
Introduction
From time-to-time I wander in-and-out of past subjects I've written about. Today's subject on Christian Universalism is such an event. I have heard of painters who would paint the same subject over-and-over, and I feel that this sometimes describes my own passion to turn a Christian doctrine or theme around-and-around until I can see it clearly.
It would seem that the subject of Universalism is one of those dogmatic watersheds on which Christians deem a significant turning point which can dramatically reshape understanding, belief, or practice within a religious tradition. If accepted, it becomes a moment of profound change, altering the course of theological thought and leading to new perspectives or interpretations on the Christ-event and biblical teaching.
Universalism teaches that all humans will ultimately be saved through Christ. It seems reasonable to many Christians and unreasonable to many others. It might also be described a a theological theologoumenon which means that it is a concept which derives its force more from outside the bible than inside it. A theologoumenon is defined as "a theological statement or concept more in the area of individual opinion than of authoritative doctrine."
For myself, I might be generally persuaded towards accepting universalism though my greatest doctrinal obstacle has always been the resolvement of injustice and evil. If universalism is true than where is the justice for those who have suffered at the hands of evil men and women?
Thus, I have always felt there should be some form of penalty incurred on those who refused God's love - and in sharing that love in this life - with others. Additionally, though I no longer consider heaven or hell a spiritual destination I still am tempted to wonder about the theologoumenon teaching annihilation of body and soul of those who continued in refusing Christ.
But these were yesteryear's struggles as I've written about in the early years of this website. With process theology I find I may look at Christian Universalism, heaven, hell, annihilation, good and evil from yet another perspective.
I
Christian Universalism: Pros and Cons
Pros of Christian Universalism
Emphasis on God's love and mercy: Universalists highlight God's character as fundamentally loving and merciful, suggesting that a benevolent God would not consign anyone to eternal suffering.
Hope and comfort: This doctrine offers hope that all loved ones, regardless of their earthly faith, will ultimately be saved and reunited with God, providing emotional comfort for many believers.
Motivation for evangelism based on love, not fear: Universalism can motivate evangelism by emphasizing God's universal love and grace, rather than focusing on the fear of an eternal hell.
Provides answers to the problem of evil and hell: Universalism can offer theological answers to the questions of how a loving God can allow for evil and suffering, by suggesting a path for everyone to eventually be restored to God.
Biblical support: Proponents point to certain biblical passages like Romans 5:18, 11:32, Colossians 1:20, and 1 Timothy 2:3-4 as supporting the idea of universal salvation.
Historical precedent: Christian universalism was held by some in the early church, notably Origen.
Cons of Christian Universalism
Contradiction of traditional biblical interpretation: Many critics argue that universalism contradicts passages emphasizing eternal punishment and the necessity of faith in Christ for salvation, citing verses like Matthew 25:46, John 3:36, and Revelation 20:15.
Undermines the seriousness of sin and God's justice: Critics suggest that universalism may minimize the gravity of sin and the need for repentance, undermining the concept of divine judgment.
May diminish the urgency of evangelism: If all are eventually saved, some argue it lessens the urgency of sharing the Gospel and the importance of individual conversion in this life.
Potential for moral complacency: Some critics worry that the belief in universal salvation could lead to a less urgent pursuit of holiness and righteous living.
Impact on core Christian doctrines: Embracing universalism can lead to a re-evaluation of other key Christian beliefs, such as the nature of hell, the role of free will, and even the atonement of Christ.
Reinterpretation of scripture: Critics contend that universalists often selectively interpret or reinterpret biblical passages to fit their theological framework, rather than accepting the clear meaning of the texts. [I find this a moving argument fitting the background of the arguer]
NOTE
It is important to note that discussions surrounding Christian universalism involve diverse interpretations of scripture and varying theological viewpoints within Christianity
II.
What is the Process version of Universalism?
- Universalism is the belief that all beings will ultimately be saved. It has long been debated in theological circles.
- Some affirm it as a guaranteed outcome, citing God’s sovereignty and love as ensuring universal reconciliation.
- Process theology offers another perspective.
- Rather than asserting inevitability, it grounds its vision in divine relationality, persuasive love, and the open-ended freedom of all creatures.
- What follows is a very short expression of process-based universalism and a brief engagement with classical interpretations that insist on guaranteed outcomes.
1
Process-based universalism (short version)
All things are in process, and God's loving presence works within all processes to guide creation toward healing, wholeness, and harmony. Ultimately, no one is ever finally cut off from God's lure toward love.
BUT... it is a hope - not a guarantee - that all beings will eventually respond to the divine call, because love never forces but always invites.
2
How does Process Theology Differ from Guaranteed Universalism?
Process theology differs from guaranteed universalism in this key way:
Process universalism is hopeful - but not certain - because it honors freedom. Love cannot guarantee every being will respond - that is, Love can only lure, call, beckon the wayward to come.
A guaranteed outcome would violate the very relational, open-ended nature of process.
In short:
- Classical universalism: All will be saved — inevitably.
- Process universalism: All can be saved — hopefully.
3
What does this imply re living vs death?
In life, every moment is an invitation to grow in love, truth, and beauty.
In death, the process continues - God still lures the soul toward healing and wholeness.
But:
Freedom never ends, not even in death. Love may still be refused. And yet, the divine invitation never ceases.
Thus, hope endures, but not through force—only through unrelenting, patient love.
4
Question: Could one say the following...
"A guaranteed outcome gives everyone freedom while also recognizing that everyone will freely be transformed into the revelation that God is their origin and home because that’s why they were created. It is the telos of the universe and every created being. I believe scripture that every knee will eventually bow and every tongue acclaim Christ’s Lordship."
Answer
No.
This view affirms a beautiful telos - but process theology would gently challenge the logic. If transformation is guaranteed, freedom becomes illusion. True love honors the possibility of refusal, even if we hope none will choose it.
“Every knee will bow” can be read as poetic hope, not mechanistic certainty. In process thought, God’s love is persuasive, not coercive - and persuasion allows for real risk, real freedom, and real hope.
Conclusion
- Process-based universalism affirms that God’s love is endlessly active, luring all beings toward their fullest becoming.
- It shares the hope of universal reconciliation - but refuses to make it a certainty that overrides freedom.
- This open-ended vision of process theology preserves the integrity of love along with the corporeal (freewill) agency of all creation.
- In such a universe, salvation is not an imposition but a co-created journey of grace between God and creation.
Appendix
By the way, the painter mentioned at the outset was Claude Monet:
Claude Monet is well-known for painting the same subjects multiple times, particularly in series. He focused on capturing the changing effects of light and atmosphere on his chosen subjects, such as haystacks, Rouen Cathedral, and water lilies.Monet's series of paintings on the same subject, like the Haystacks series, Rouen Cathedral series, or Water Lilies series, demonstrate his dedication to capturing subtle variations in light and mood across different times of day and seasons. He would set up multiple canvases and work on them simultaneously, switching between them as the light changed.
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