Quotes & Sayings


We, and creation itself, actualize the possibilities of the God who sustains the world, towards becoming in the world in a fuller, more deeper way. - R.E. Slater

There is urgency in coming to see the world as a web of interrelated processes of which we are integral parts, so that all of our choices and actions have [consequential effects upon] the world around us. - Process Metaphysician Alfred North Whitehead

Kurt Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem says (i) all closed systems are unprovable within themselves and, that (ii) all open systems are rightly understood as incomplete. - R.E. Slater

The most true thing about you is what God has said to you in Christ, "You are My Beloved." - Tripp Fuller

The God among us is the God who refuses to be God without us, so great is God's Love. - Tripp Fuller

According to some Christian outlooks we were made for another world. Perhaps, rather, we were made for this world to recreate, reclaim, redeem, and renew unto God's future aspiration by the power of His Spirit. - R.E. Slater

Our eschatological ethos is to love. To stand with those who are oppressed. To stand against those who are oppressing. It is that simple. Love is our only calling and Christian Hope. - R.E. Slater

Secularization theory has been massively falsified. We don't live in an age of secularity. We live in an age of explosive, pervasive religiosity... an age of religious pluralism. - Peter L. Berger

Exploring the edge of life and faith in a post-everything world. - Todd Littleton

I don't need another reason to believe, your love is all around for me to see. – Anon

Thou art our need; and in giving us more of thyself thou givest us all. - Khalil Gibran, Prayer XXIII

Be careful what you pretend to be. You become what you pretend to be. - Kurt Vonnegut

Religious beliefs, far from being primary, are often shaped and adjusted by our social goals. - Jim Forest

We become who we are by what we believe and can justify. - R.E. Slater

People, even more than things, need to be restored, renewed, revived, reclaimed, and redeemed; never throw out anyone. – Anon

Certainly, God's love has made fools of us all. - R.E. Slater

An apocalyptic Christian faith doesn't wait for Jesus to come, but for Jesus to become in our midst. - R.E. Slater

Christian belief in God begins with the cross and resurrection of Jesus, not with rational apologetics. - Eberhard Jüngel, Jürgen Moltmann

Our knowledge of God is through the 'I-Thou' encounter, not in finding God at the end of a syllogism or argument. There is a grave danger in any Christian treatment of God as an object. The God of Jesus Christ and Scripture is irreducibly subject and never made as an object, a force, a power, or a principle that can be manipulated. - Emil Brunner

“Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh” means "I will be that who I have yet to become." - God (Ex 3.14) or, conversely, “I AM who I AM Becoming.”

Our job is to love others without stopping to inquire whether or not they are worthy. - Thomas Merton

The church is God's world-changing social experiment of bringing unlikes and differents to the Eucharist/Communion table to share life with one another as a new kind of family. When this happens, we show to the world what love, justice, peace, reconciliation, and life together is designed by God to be. The church is God's show-and-tell for the world to see how God wants us to live as a blended, global, polypluralistic family united with one will, by one Lord, and baptized by one Spirit. – Anon

The cross that is planted at the heart of the history of the world cannot be uprooted. - Jacques Ellul

The Unity in whose loving presence the universe unfolds is inside each person as a call to welcome the stranger, protect animals and the earth, respect the dignity of each person, think new thoughts, and help bring about ecological civilizations. - John Cobb & Farhan A. Shah

If you board the wrong train it is of no use running along the corridors of the train in the other direction. - Dietrich Bonhoeffer

God's justice is restorative rather than punitive; His discipline is merciful rather than punishing; His power is made perfect in weakness; and His grace is sufficient for all. – Anon

Our little [biblical] systems have their day; they have their day and cease to be. They are but broken lights of Thee, and Thou, O God art more than they. - Alfred Lord Tennyson

We can’t control God; God is uncontrollable. God can’t control us; God’s love is uncontrolling! - Thomas Jay Oord

Life in perspective but always in process... as we are relational beings in process to one another, so life events are in process in relation to each event... as God is to Self, is to world, is to us... like Father, like sons and daughters, like events... life in process yet always in perspective. - R.E. Slater

To promote societal transition to sustainable ways of living and a global society founded on a shared ethical framework which includes respect and care for the community of life, ecological integrity, universal human rights, respect for diversity, economic justice, democracy, and a culture of peace. - The Earth Charter Mission Statement

Christian humanism is the belief that human freedom, individual conscience, and unencumbered rational inquiry are compatible with the practice of Christianity or even intrinsic in its doctrine. It represents a philosophical union of Christian faith and classical humanist principles. - Scott Postma

It is never wise to have a self-appointed religious institution determine a nation's moral code. The opportunities for moral compromise and failure are high; the moral codes and creeds assuredly racist, discriminatory, or subjectively and religiously defined; and the pronouncement of inhumanitarian political objectives quite predictable. - R.E. Slater

God's love must both center and define the Christian faith and all religious or human faiths seeking human and ecological balance in worlds of subtraction, harm, tragedy, and evil. - R.E. Slater

In Whitehead’s process ontology, we can think of the experiential ground of reality as an eternal pulse whereby what is objectively public in one moment becomes subjectively prehended in the next, and whereby the subject that emerges from its feelings then perishes into public expression as an object (or “superject”) aiming for novelty. There is a rhythm of Being between object and subject, not an ontological division. This rhythm powers the creative growth of the universe from one occasion of experience to the next. This is the Whiteheadian mantra: “The many become one and are increased by one.” - Matthew Segall

Without Love there is no Truth. And True Truth is always Loving. There is no dichotomy between these terms but only seamless integration. This is the premier centering focus of a Processual Theology of Love. - R.E. Slater

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Note: Generally I do not respond to commentary. I may read the comments but wish to reserve my time to write (or write from the comments I read). Instead, I'd like to see our community help one another and in the helping encourage and exhort each of us towards Christian love in Christ Jesus our Lord and Savior. - re slater

Sunday, June 1, 2025

The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal - Part 5



The Bible Beyond Literalism:
Critique, Tradition, and Renewal
Part 5
The Modern-Era Process Perspective

by R.E. Slater & ChatGPT
RES

Let's integrate the previous three positions with Whitehead's process thought.

ChatGPT

Done. Integrating modern Christian approach to Scripture with Whiteheadian Process Thought, which reimagines both God and God's revelation, as ongoing, relational, and dynamically unfolding.

Whitehead’s metaphysical framework invites us to view the Bible not as static doctrine but as a processual record of humanity’s evolving response to divine lures, creatively interpreted in the shifting historical contexts of each age.


🌱 PROCESS FRAMEWORK FOR SCRIPTURE:
A Whiteheadian Integration

CategoryWhiteheadian InsightModern Christian Reading of Scripture
God’s NatureGod is dipolar: primordial (ideal aims) and consequent (receiving the world). God persuades, never coerces.Scripture contains reflections of evolving conceptions of God, sometimes distorted by human fear or power.
RevelationRevelation is not once-for-all but ongoing through relational process—God’s lure toward higher values in each epoch.The Bible is part of a continuing divine-human conversation, not its terminus. Jesus is the decisive revelation of God's relational presence.
TruthNo proposition is eternally fixed—truth unfolds through contrast, novelty, and contextual emergence.Biblical “truth” is dynamic, contextual, and must be tested against love, justice, and present moral insight.
Scriptural ContradictionsContradiction is expected in an evolving world of multiple subjectivities. Truth emerges through contrast and synthesis.Scripture’s contradictions reflect real human tensions. Discrepancies reveal growing pains in theology, not divine error.
EthicsEthics are rooted in promoting harmony, intensity, and beauty in relational becoming.Modern Christians evaluate Scripture ethically: Does a passage promote love, life, and flourishing—or harm, fear, and division?
Jesus ChristChrist is the decisive incarnation of God’s lure—divine aims fully actualized in human form.Christ is not a sacrifice to appease wrath, but the embodiment of at-one-ment—a relational pattern of healing and becoming.
AtonementNot juridical or substitutionary, but the continual divine process of luring creation toward wholeness.Redemption is not a moment on a cross, but a rhythm of reconciliation across time and cosmos.
Bible's AuthorityAuthority arises from effectiveness in generating value, not from fixed status.Scripture has authority when it awakens compassion, justice, and beauty, not when used to control.
CanonNo fixed canon—only narratives with enduring relational resonance.The canon is open to reinterpretation, reordering, and poetic renewal in light of ongoing experience with God.


🔁 KEY WHITEHEADIAN THEMES IN SCRIPTURAL READING

1. God as Persuasive, Not Coercive

  • Whitehead’s God lures rather than commands, meaning the Bible reflects diverse attempts to hear the lure of God amid the noise of war, empire, trauma, and tribal bias.

  • Therefore, some biblical images (violent conquest, wrathful judgment) are mishearings,  misinterpretations, and religious distortions of divine persuasion filtered through human fear.

🡺 Scripture contains both divine whispers and human projections.


2. Concrescence of Revelation

  • In Whitehead’s thought, every moment (“actual occasion”) involves concrescence—the integration of past influences filled with divine possibility toward a creative outcome.

  • Similarly, biblical texts are concrescences of cultural memory, divine lure, and prophetic imagination. They are not dropped from heaven but emerge within the becoming of a people.

🡺 The Bible is a process, not a product.


3. Process of Moral Evolution

  • Whitehead emphasized that values evolve as novelty emerges. Moral progress occurs as relational depth increases.

  • Modern Christians, guided by process thought, don’t canonize outdated ethics (e.g., stoning, slavery) but trace a trajectory of growth from tribalism to universal compassion.

🡺 We read forward through Scripture, not backward into it.


4. The Cosmic Christ (cf. The Incarnational Cosmic Christ, Parts 1-7)

  • In Process Theology, Christ is not merely historical but cosmic: the embodiment of divine lure toward harmony and intensity in every corner of the cosmic universe.

  • The Bible is but one locale where the Christ-event breaks through, but it does not monopolize divine revelation.

🡺 Christ is the deep pattern of God’s love expressed throughout creation. It is not meant to be a doctrinal boundary.


5. Scripture as Poetic, Not Literal

  • Whitehead valued symbol, poetry, and metaphor as higher forms of truth than flat literalism.

  • This allows modern Christians to embrace biblical myth, poetry, and paradox as ways of evoking truths too deep for propositional language.

🡺 Genesis 1 is not cosmology—it is liturgical poetry about creation’s goodness and rhythm.


🧩 A FINAL IMAGE: The Bible as a LIVING TAPESTRY IN PROCESS

Picture the Bible as a loom of voices, threaded through:

  • ancient myths,

  • liberation cries,

  • prophetic protests,

  • ritual codes,

  • apocalyptic dreams,

  • and Jesus’ compassionate parables.

A process-informed Christian sees this tapestry as unfinished—still being woven by each generation that listens anew for the lure of divine wisdom and co-creates God’s vision of wholeness.


RES

Please write a poem integrating all four approaches to the Bible....

ChatGPT

Certainly. Here is a poem weaving together the four perspectives - non-Christian critiquemodern Judaismmodern Christianity, and Process Theologyas a reflective journey through evolving encounters with Scripture:



The Timeless Weave of Scripture
by R.E. Slater & ChatGPT

I. The Dissonant Word

The Living Scroll unrolls in fire and stone,
It's world half-lit by wrath and throne.
Serpents speak and oceans part—
A primitive tale too old for modern heart.
God smites and spares with equal breadth,
Though justice chokes beneath such death.
So stand we here, unclaimed, outside—
With reason’s lamp which cannot hide.

II. The Wrestling Faith

But lo, within the tabernacled light,
A people wrestled through the night.
Not bound by text, but shaped by flame,
They dared to question—even claim.
No word too sacred to revise,
No myth too brittle to reprise.
They sang of God who changed with time—
Of Divine Presence rising o'er the clime.

III. The Christed Lens

The another Voice broke the air,
Not to condemn, but to repair.
A Table set for least and lost,
A Cross which bore Love’s aching cost.
He read the scroll with piercing eyes,
Not chained to laws, but truths that rise.
The Word made flesh, not forged in fear—
But tuned to mercy, drawing near.

IV. The Processual Path

Yet divine page is ever nigh complete,
When truth and love kiss and greet.
Not in settled ink nor frozen creed—
But bloomed a'new o'er times of need.
Each verse a thread, each thread a plea,
Each heart a loom on which to weave.
Come cosmic Spirit, flow unbound in one and all—
As entwining Presence, reweaving Eden's fall.


R.E. Slater & ChatGPT
June 1, 2025

*Four Perspectives of the Bible: the Unbelieving,
Jewish, Christian, and Processual; each a resource
for resistance, restoration, and inclusive belonging.

@copyright R.E. Slater Publications
all rights reserved


The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal

The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal - Part 4



The Bible Beyond Literalism:
Critique, Tradition, and Renewal
Part 4
The Modern-Era Christian Perspective

by R.E. Slater & ChatGPT
RES

Similarly, how might a modern-era,  progressive Christian approach the Scriptures?

ChatGPT

modern, progressive Christian—especially one shaped by progressive, liberal, or process-informed theology—approaches the Bible very differently from traditional or fundamentalist readings. Rather than defending Scripture as infallible, timeless, or morally perfect, they view it as a living witness to an evolving human encounter with the divine.

Here’s how this more evolved, critical, and constructive Christian posture toward Scripture can be summarized:


📖 1. Scripture as Evolving Human Testimony

  • The Bible is not treated as the verbatim word of God, but as a collection of testimonies from earlier, ancient communities wrestling with God, history, suffering, and hope.

  • The voices within Scripture are seen as diverse, time-bound, and fallible, reflecting the struggles of people interpreting God from within their own cultural limitations.

  • This echoes the idea that revelation is not a static deposit, but a relational, ongoing process.

🡺 The Bible shows humanity’s evolving understanding of God, not God’s unchanging dictation to humanity.


🧠 2. Historical-Critical and Contextual Reading

  • Modern Christians use tools of textual criticismarchaeology, and cultural studies to understand the genre, authorship, and historical setting of each text.

  • For example:

    • The creation stories are read as myths of primitive meaning, not of a literal cosmology.

    • The conquest narratives are understood as ideological retrospectives, not divine endorsements of genocide.

🡺 Reading Scripture contextually helps reclaim it from moral and historical misuse.


⚖️ 3. Moral and Theological Discernment Over Literalism

  • Not every command or story is seen as binding or morally sound.

  • Jesus becomes the ethical filter or interpretive lens: Christians ask, “Does this reflect the love, justice, and compassion revealed in Christ?”

    • Example: Jesus-Christians may reject Old Testament laws on slavery, gender roles, or vengeance because they are incompatible with Christ’s message.

  • This is sometimes called a “canon within the canon” approach—prioritizing certain voices (e.g., Jesus, prophets, wisdom literature) over others.

🡺 Scripture is not a rulebook; it is a moral conversation rooted in love.


🌿 4. Jesus as Embodied Revelation, Not Biblical Literalism

  • Jesus is viewed not as a Bible-quoting legalist, but as the incarnation of divine love and relational healing.

  • For updated, progressive Christians, Jesus critiques and transcends earlier (Hebrew) Scriptural or Jewish norms (e.g., “You have heard it said... but I say to you” in Matthew 5).

  • The authority of Scripture flows through Jesus, not the other way around.

🡺 The Bible is read in the light of Christ—not Christ through the lens of flawed texts.


🔄 5. A Non-Coercive, Process-Inspired View of God

  • Many modern Christians reject the violent, controlling, or punitive depictions of God found in some parts of Scripture.

  • Influenced by Process Theology, they see God not as a divine micromanager, but as a persuasive, loving presence who works through freedom, creativity, and relationship.

  • Thus, stories where God commands destruction (e.g., flood, conquest) are interpreted as human projections, not revelations of God's true nature.

🡺 God’s character is understood as evolving in the biblical narrative—from tribal war-god to universal source of love.


✊ 6. Liberation, Inclusion, and Justice-Centered Hermeneutics

  • Many use liberation theologyfeministBlackqueer, or ecotheological perspectives to read Scripture from the margins.

  • These readers often prioritize texts of liberation (e.g., Exodus, prophetic calls for justice, the ministry of Jesus) and challenge texts of oppression or exclusion.

  • They reclaim Scripture as a means for social healing, not for institutional control.

🡺 The Bible becomes a resource for resistance, restoration, and inclusive belonging.


📚 7. The Bible as Sacred Story, Not Scientific Fact

  • Creation, miracles, and apocalyptic visions are read symbolically or theopoetically, not as literal accounts.

  • Modern Christians embrace science, evolution, and critical inquiry, without needing to abandon spiritual depth or sacred narrative.

  • Myth is reclaimed not as “falsehood” but as truth-telling through story.

🡺 Genesis may not be factually true, but it is spiritually revealing about human meaning and divine creativity.



Summary Table: A Modern Christian Approach to Scripture

Classical ViewModern/Updated View
Bible is infallible Word of GodBible is inspired human response to divine encounters
Scripture is morally and theologically unifiedScripture is multi-voiced, contested, and evolving
God is wrathful judgeGod is loving, relational, and persuasive
Miracles are literal eventsMiracles are symbolic/metaphorical encounters
Old Testament laws are bindingChrist-centered discernment overrides regressive laws
Jesus confirms ScriptureJesus transforms and critiques tradition
All verses are equally authoritativeCentral moral core is love, justice, and peacemaking

✝️ Conclusion:

modern, mature Christian approach embraces the Bible as a sacred process of spiritual evolution, not a flawless rulebook or historical documentary. But as a record of a people in relationship with God - with all the interpersonal and societal struggles, beauty, blind spots, and breakthroughs that any spiritual journey may entail.


The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal

The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal - Part 3

 

The Bible Beyond Literalism:
Critique, Tradition, and Renewal
Part 3
The Modern-Era Jewish Perspective

by R.E. Slater & ChatGPT

RES

How has the modern-era, non-conservative, Jewish faith reconciled these inconsistencies?

ChatGPT

Modern non-conservative Jewish traditions—primarily ReformReconstructionist, and secular humanistic Judaism—have undertaken significant reinterpretation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) to reconcile its moral difficultieshistorical inconsistencies, and theological archaisms with contemporary values. Here's how these movements address the issues you have raised:


🕍 1. Scripture as Evolving Human Testimony, Not Literal Revelation

  • Reform Judaism teaches that the Hebrew Torah is a human document reflecting divine inspiration, not the literal word of God. It contains the insights of ancient Israelites, filtered through their time-bound cultural and moral lenses.

  • Reconstructionist Judaism (founded by Mordecai Kaplan) views Judaism as an evolving religious civilization, and the Bible as a cultural and ethical artifact, rather than as a supernatural text.

  • These separate traditions acknowledge that the biblical authors were shaped by patriarchaltribal, and pre-modern worldviews, and do not expect consistency or perfection in the text.

🡺 Result: Texts can be respected without being obeyed, and engaged critically without being rejected.


📜 2. Historical-Critical Scholarship is Embraced

  • Modern Jewish thought frequently incorporates tools of textual criticismarchaeology, and Near Eastern comparative studies to understand the Bible as a composite, multi-authored, and redacted work.

  • For example, Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis openly teach the Documentary Hypothesis (J, E, P, D sources of the Torah), acknowledging contradictions and narrative seams.

  • Myths like the Noah floodExodus, or Joshua’s conquest are often treated as allegories or national foundation stories, not historical records.

🡺 Result: The Torah is read as a reflection of evolving cultural self-understanding, not factual reportage.


⚖️ 3. Ethical Revision and Moral Reinterpretation

  • Morally troubling texts (e.g., divine violence, genocide, patriarchal laws) are reinterpreted, contextualized, or ignored in modern liturgy and practice.

  • Examples:

    • The Binding of Isaac (Genesis 22) is seen not as divine approval of child sacrifice but as a critique of such practices.

    • Leviticus laws on slavery or stoning are treated as obsolete—“frozen ethics” from an earlier time.

  • Judaism develops through midrash (interpretation) and halakhic evolution (legal development)—allowing communities to override outdated norms in favor of ethical progress.

🡺 Result: The Bible is a starting point, not the final word, for Jewish morality.


♀️ 4. Feminist, LGBTQ+, and Postmodern Revisions

  • Feminist and queer Jewish scholars (e.g., Judith Plaskow, Rachel Adler, and others) re-read the Bible through lenses of gender justice, challenging patriarchal structures and elevating forgotten voices (e.g., via the biblical figures of Dinah, Hagar, Tamar).

  • Many non-Orthodox synagogues now perform same-sex marriages, ordain LGBTQ+ rabbis, and reject biblical purity laws as incompatible with dignity and inclusion.

🡺 Result: The text is wrestled with, reimagined, and used to create a more just Judaism.


🧠 5. God is Reimagined Metaphorically

  • Mordecai Kaplan (Reconstructionism) redefined God not as a supernatural being, but as the sum of the processes that make for human salvation—essentially a non-theistic, immanent [cosmic] force for good.

  • Others (inspired by thinkers like Martin Buber or Abraham Joshua Heschel) focus on relational, experiential, or ethical images of God, not anthropomorphic or punitive depictions.

  • God as a process, a call to justice, or a mystery beyond comprehension becomes more central than the God of battles or a God of wrath.

🡺 Result: Theology evolves with human consciousness.


🕊️ 6. Liturgical and Ritual Adaptation

  • Biblical texts are adapted or excluded in prayer books:

    • Problematic passages (e.g., curses, conquest texts, purity laws) may be omitted from readings or footnoted.

    • New ethical and inclusive liturgies are composed.

  • Holy days like Passover (originally tied to God’s destruction of Egypt) are now focused on liberation for all peoples, including the marginalized.

🡺 Result: Practice is responsive to ethics and modern values, not bound to biblical literalism.



✡️ Summary Table: How Modern Jewish Faiths
Reconcile the Old Testament's Problems

Issue in TanakhModern Jewish Response
Divine violence, genocideReinterpreted symbolically or ethically rejected
Patriarchy, sexismCritiqued through feminist midrash and inclusive theology
Slavery, stoning, purity lawsTreated as obsolete cultural relics
Contradictions and historical errorsAccepted as part of redacted, multi-authoric scripture
Mythological elementsInterpreted metaphorically or allegorically
Wrathful GodReimagined as relational, immanent, or metaphoric
LGBTQ+ exclusionsRejected in favor of equality and dignity
Literal reading of miracles/lawsReplaced by symbolic, existential, or ethical interpretations

🧩 In Conclusion:

Modern non-conservative Judaism does not try to defend the Hebrew Bible in the way fundamentalist or conservative religious traditions often do. Instead, it embraces a living, interpretive tradition in which ancient texts are honored for their historical significance, poetic beauty, and existential depth—while also being critiqued, adapted, and transformed to meet the ethical demands of the present.


The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal

The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal - Part 2



The Bible Beyond Literalism:
Critique, Tradition, and Renewal
Part 2
The Modern-Era Non-Christian Perspective

by R.E. Slater & ChatGPT


RES

Let's discuss why the Old Testament Hebrew Bible may be considered primitive, regressive, and unbelievable from an unbelieving, non-Christian perspective.

ChatGPT

From a non-Christian perspective—particularly one that is secular, historical-critical, or informed by modern ethical sensibilities—the Old Testament (or Hebrew Bible) may be considered primitive, regressive, and unbelievable for several key reasons:


1. Primitive Cosmology and Worldview

  • Flat Earth and Dome Sky: The Genesis cosmology reflects an ancient Near Eastern view of a flat earth with a firmament separating the waters above and below. This is consistent with Babylonian and Egyptian cosmologies—not scientific reality.

  • Creation in Six Days: A literal six-day creation with the sun created on the fourth day strains credibility when viewed through modern astrophysics, biology, and evolutionary science.

  • Talking Animals and Magical Events: Serpents talk (Genesis 3), donkeys speak (Numbers 22), and sticks turn into snakes (Exodus 7). From a modern rationalist or scientific lens, these read as folklore or mythology, not history.


2. Regressive Moral Frameworks

  • Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: God's commands to destroy entire populations (e.g., Amalekites, Canaanites) in books like Joshua and 1 Samuel are seen as morally indefensible.

  • Patriarchal Systems: Women are treated as property (Exodus 20:17), prizes of war (Numbers 31), or bargaining chips (Judges 19), reflecting the deep patriarchy of ancient tribal societies.

  • Slavery and Human Ownership: Slavery is accepted and regulated (Exodus 21, Leviticus 25), rather than condemned, which conflicts with modern human rights ideals.

  • Capital Punishment for Minor Offenses: Harsh penalties like stoning for working on the Sabbath or being a rebellious child (Exodus 31:15, Deuteronomy 21:18-21) appear extreme or absurd today.


3. Mythic, Unbelievable Narratives

  • Longevity Claims: Figures like Methuselah living over 900 years (Genesis 5), defies biological reality.

  • Global Flood: A literal worldwide flood wiping out all life except Noah’s family and the ark’s animals contradicts geological, archaeological, and historical records.

  • Miracles without Evidence: The parting of the Red Sea, plagues of Egypt, manna from heaven, and other miracles lack corroborating physical or historical evidence.


4. Anthropomorphic and Violent Depictions of God

  • Jealous, Vengeful Deity: God is often depicted as jealous (Exodus 34:14), wrathful, and even petty (e.g., killing Uzzah for touching the Ark—2 Samuel 6:6-7).

  • Arbitrary Tests of Loyalty: Stories like Abraham being commanded to kill Isaac (Genesis 22) may be seen as morally problematic rather than spiritually profound.


5. Contradictions and Internal Inconsistencies

  • Multiple Creation Accounts: Genesis 1 and 2 present different orders of creation.

  • Inconsistent Laws: Laws on sacrifice, cleanliness, and punishment vary between Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy.

  • Historical Errors: Archaeology does not support some major biblical events (e.g., the Exodus, the conquest of Canaan) as described in the narrative.


6. Lack of Universality

  • Ethnic Exclusivism: Many of the promises and laws focus solely on Israel, portraying other nations as cursed or lesser.

  • No Ethical Framework for Outsiders: Ethical considerations often apply only within the community of Israel; outsiders are sometimes treated harshly or dismissed.


7. Use in Justifying Oppression

  • Historical Misuse: Biblical texts have been used to justify slavery, colonialism, the subjugation of women, and persecution of LGBTQ+ individuals, casting suspicion on the texts themselves.


Summary Table

CategoryWhy Considered Primitive/Regressive
CosmologyFlat Earth, mythic sky dome
MoralityGenocide, patriarchy, slavery
Miracles & NarrativesTalking animals, long lifespans
Depiction of GodJealous, violent, petty
Ethical ApplicationTribal exclusivism
HistoricityContradicted by archaeology
LegacyJustified historical oppression

Closing Note

From a non-Christian standpoint, especially one influenced by Enlightenment rationalism, secular ethics, or postmodern critique, the Old Testament often appears to reflect the fears, prejudices, and limitations of an ancient tribal culture rather than that of divine revelation. However, other exegetes—such as process theologians or historical critics—may still find evolving moral insights and existential themes within the Bible's recital of the layered, human journey.

---

ChatGPT

Would you like a follow-up exploring how Process Theology reinterprets these criticisms into a dynamic, evolving view of Scripture?

RES

In a moment. What else may be said along these lines?

ChatGPT

Certainly. Building further on the critique of the Old Testament from a non-Christian perspective, we can expand the analysis into literarypsychologicalanthropological, and philosophical dimensions. Each offers a distinctive critique of the Hebrew Bible as primitive, regressive, or unbelievable—not to dismiss its value entirely, but to understand why modern readers outside the faith may view it skeptically.


1. Literary and Narrative Critique

  • Unreliable Narrators: Many biblical narratives are written from the viewpoint of tribal victors (e.g., the Israelites), leading to biased portrayals of others (Canaanites, Egyptians, Philistines, etc.).

  • Lack of Coherent Plot or Genre: The texts interweave legal codes, myths, diverse genealogies, poetries, histories, and prophecies with abrupt shifts, repetition, and contradictions—challenging modern investigations seeking logical structure or authorial consistency.

  • Childlike Supernaturalism: Events often resemble fairy tales or folkloric myths (e.g., fiery chariots, talking animals, magical plagues) rather than mature religious reflection.


2. Psychological and Developmental Critique

  • Archaic Conscience: The Old Testament's moral logic often reflects a “might makes right” mentality, or a "punishment-reward" dynamic characteristic of early human developmental stages.

  • Projection of Human Traits onto God: God is portrayed with deeply human emotions—anger, jealousy, favoritism—which some critics interpret as primitive psychological projections of ancient tribal leaders rather than of a transcendent deity.

  • Fear-Based Religion: Many laws and narratives operate through coercion, fear, and threat of punishment, rather than trust, love, or internal ethical development.


3. Anthropological Critique

  • Totemic and Tribal Religion: Yahweh begins as a national tribal deity—jealous, particular, and localized—akin to other gods in the ancient Near East (Marduk, Baal, etc.). From this perspective, monotheism emerges gradually, not suddenly.

  • Sacrifice and Scapegoating: Animal sacrifice, blood rituals, and scapegoat mechanisms (e.g., Leviticus 16) reflect early human attempts to control chaos and divine wrath through symbolic violence—ancient practices anthropologists identify as primitive religious appeasement or control systems.

  • Purity Codes: Laws around menstruation, leprosy, mold, and dietary restrictions are more reflective of ancient taboo logic than enduring moral principles.


4. Philosophical and Ethical Critique

  • Lack of Universality and Equality: There is little to no concept of universal human rights, equality before the law, or moral reciprocity toward enemies. Justice is often nationalistic, ethnocentric, or transactional.

  • Instrumental Ethics: Right behavior is tied to reward (blessing) and wrong to punishment (curse), rather than grounded in intrinsic dignity, conscience, or principle.

  • Anti-Philosophical Ethos: Unlike Greek thought (e.g., Socrates, Plato), the Old Testament seldom wrestles with abstract ethical dilemmas or metaphysical coherence. Wisdom literature is the exception (e.g., Job, Ecclesiastes), but even these often return to submission rather than critical freedom.


5. Historical and Archaeological Critique

  • Lack of External Corroboration: Events like the Exodus of Israel out of Egypt, wandering in the wilderness, or the conquest of Canaan, have yet to be substantiated by archaeological or external written evidence from neighboring empires.

  • Retrojected History: Stories of the patriarchs, kings, and battles often appear written or edited centuries after the supposed events, projecting later ideologies onto an imagined past (Deuteronomistic history).


6. Gender and Sexuality Critique

  • Instrumental Role of Women: Women are rarely protagonists or moral agents in their own right; they are often vessels for inheritance, honor, or male shame (e.g., Tamar, Bathsheba, Dinah).

  • Sexual Control and Punishment: Female sexuality is tightly controlled, often punished violently, and used as a measure of male honor.

  • Homophobia and Othering: Texts like Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13 reflect what are now widely considered regressive attitudes toward same-sex relationships, often fueling contemporary discrimination.


7. Theological Critique (from Outside Faith)

  • Moral Monster Argument (e.g., Richard Dawkins): Some critics argue that the God of the Old Testament behaves in ways unworthy of worship—jealous, vindictive, and authoritarian—more akin to a Bronze Age warlord than a loving creator.

  • Divine Hiddenness: Despite many miracles in the text, the contemporary world shows no such divine intervention. Critics ask why this divine activity seems to have stopped, suggesting the biblical narrative is myth rather than fact. [cf: Everyday Miracles: How They Work, PART 4 re "Whiteheadian Metaphysics & Acausal Synchronicity"]

  • Theodicy and Suffering: The suffering of innocents (Job, infants in Egypt, etc.) with no clear moral resolution challenges the goodness or justice of the Old Testament deity.



Summary Chart: Additional Layers of Critique

DimensionCritique
LiteraryFragmented, mythic, biased storytelling
PsychologicalFear-based, projection of human traits onto God
AnthropologicalTotemic sacrifice, taboo laws, tribal religion
Philosophical/EthicalLacks universality, driven by reward/punishment logic
HistoricalUncorroborated events, mythologized past
Gender/SexualityPatriarchal, objectifying, and heteronormative
Theological (External)Unjust deity, divine absence, unresolved suffering


The Bible Beyond Literalism: Critique, Tradition, and Renewal