The Incarnational Cosmic Christ, Part 2

The Incarnational Cosmic Christ

PART 2

Compiled by R.E. Slater

de Chardin's Relationship

with Process Theology

I am reiterating Teilhard de Chardin's (TdC)view of the Cosmic Christ here below. At times close to Whitehead's process thought in many components, de Chardin's Catholic view was more vitalist in approach positing a muscular psycho-spiritual form of teleology into evolutionary progress.

In the past, as well as the present, both Catholic and Protestant beliefs have struggled with accepting Darwinian evolution - which viewpoint the French Jesuit priest de Chardin promoted, stating that all creation was moving towards an "Omega Point" in Christ. A theological statement which a Christ-centered process theology would be sympathetic towards, however, de Chardin's metaphysic is more theological than it is philosophic making it much less broad than Whitehead's process metaphysic (I will explain what I mean by this in the next several articles). For now here are a few observations leading into "The Incarnational Cosmic Christ."

At the center of TdC's philosophy was the belief that the human species is evolving spiritually, progressing from a simple faith to higher and higher forms of consciousness, including a consciousness of God, and culminating in the ultimate understanding of humankind's place and purpose in the universe.

SIMILARITIES

Creation as Christo-Centric:

Both Teilhard de Chardin and Whitehead's process philosophy / theology emphasized a dynamic, evolving universe and a God who is immanent in creation.

Their views of Christ and the nature of the divine also differed significantly, with process theology understanding Christ as God's divine agent responding to God's call of creation, while Teilhard sees Christ as the cosmic center of evolution.

Emphasis on Evolution and a Dynamic Universe:

Both Teilhard and process thinkers see the universe as a dynamic, evolving process, not a static entity.

Immanence of God:

Both emphasize God's presence and involvement in the world, rather than a distant, transcendent God.

Cosmic Christ:

Both view Christ as having a cosmic significance, not just a historical or local one. 

Cosmological and Evolutionary Framework:

Both Teilhard de Chardin’s mysticism and process philosophy emphasize a dynamic evolving universe. For de Chardin, Christ represents the Omega Point, the ultimate goal of the evolutionary process toward greater complexity and unity. This resonates with process theology's idea of the "Divine lure," where God calls creation towards greater complexity and fulfillment.

Process philosophy, particularly through figures like Alfred North Whitehead, emphasizes the processual nature of reality, where everything is in constant flux and development, much like Teilhard’s understanding of the universe evolving towards a unifying point of divine fulfillment.

Immanence of God:

Both perspectives see God as immanent in the world, guiding and participating in the unfolding of creation. In de Chardin’s view, Christ is present in every part of the universe, drawing it toward its divine fulfillment. Similarly, process theology views God as deeply involved in the unfolding process of the world, working within the world to inspire growth, order, and harmony.

Christ as a Cosmic Principle:

In de Chardin’s mysticism, Christ is not just a personal savior but also a cosmic figure — the Christogenesis or the principle by which the universe reaches its ultimate zenith or unity. This connects with process theology's idea of God as both a personal presence and a guiding cosmic force. Christ, for de Chardin, is the focal point of the universe's evolutionary trajectory, and this aligns with process theology’s understanding of God's role as a co-creator with the world.

PSEUDO-DIFFERENCES

Christ's Role in Creation:

• Teilhard de Chardin viewed Christ as the ultimate point of convergence for all of creation’s evolutionary journey — the Omega Point. His Christology is highly metaphysical, rooted in an esoteric understanding of cosmic evolution.

• Process theology, however, does not necessarily view Christ as the sole focus of cosmic evolution but as a key participant in the unfolding divine process. In Whitehead’s framework, Christ (or the Christ Principle) is seen as an aspect of God's interaction with the world rather than the singular focus of cosmic progression.

• This then forces the question, "What does the person of Christ (not the work of Christ) mean in a philosophical v theological sense? That is, "How is Christ the objective end of the universe? In theological language it is readily apparent but in philosophical language process thought must go beyond the ontology of the Person to the metaphysic itself - which in God, is one-and-the-same, envisioning a dance of symmantics. Which is why de Chardin's Christogenic OmegaPoint can be seen as sympathetic to process thought though limiting in its metaphysic (again, I will explain in several follow up articles).

The Nature of God and Creation:

• Teilhard’s view is more panentheistic — God is both within and beyond creation, and Christ is the divine principle that encapsulates the unity of the world’s evolutionary ascent.

• In process thought, God is also panentheistic but the emphasis is often on God’s dynamic relationship with the world. God is understood to both suffer with creation and persuade it toward greater good, with Christ being an incarnation of this divine process.

Teleologic Eschatology:

• Teilhard de Chardin’s eschatology is highly optimistic, seeing the entire universe ultimately converging in the Christ at the Omega Point — a kind of final cosmic unity and perfection. This view has a very teleological (goal-oriented) aspect to it.

• Process theology, while hopeful, often rejects a strict end-point of perfection. The future in process thought is more open-ended, with the possibility for ongoing transformation and growth, and doesn’t always adhere to the idea of a final cosmic goal in the way de Chardin envisioned.

CONCLUSION

While Teilhard de Chardin’s mystic view of Christ and process theology share a very close cosmic and evolutionary framework and a deep sense of divine immanence, Teilhard’s Christology is more metaphysical, esoteric, and teleological, whereas process theology offers a more relational and open-ended view of God's involvement in the world. The integration of Christ into the evolutionary process, central to de Chardin’s thought, parallels process philosophy's idea of God’s involvement in creation but differs in its scope and finality.

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de Chardin's Relationship

with the Catholic Church

Summary:

While the Catholic Church previously issued a monitum (warning) against Teilhard de Chardin's writings in 1962, there's a growing trend of positive recognition and engagement with his ideas, including references by multiple popes, though a formal rehabilitation remains absent. Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Initial Condemnation:

In 1962, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (formerly the Holy Office) issued a monitum against Teilhard de Chardin's writings, citing "dangerous ambiguities and grave errors". 

Shift in Perspective:

Despite the initial warning, there's been a noticeable shift in the Church's perspective on Teilhard, with multiple popes making positive references to his work. 

Pope Francis's Influence:

Pope Francis, in particular, has been quoted as referencing Teilhard's writings, including in "Laudato Si'," which has led to speculation about a potential rehabilitation of Teilhard's work. 

Positive Recognition:

Scholars from the Vatican's Pontifical Council for Culture have noted Teilhard's "prophetic vision," and some supporters have called for him to be named a Doctor of the Church or for the monitum to be removed. 

Ongoing Dialogue:

The Church continues to engage with Teilhard's ideas, with the opening of the Teilhard de Chardin Center in a Paris suburb serving as a place for dialogue between science, philosophy, and spirituality. 

No Formal Rehabilitation:

While there are positive signs, the Church has not formally reversed the 1962 monitum or declared Teilhard a Doctor of the Church. 

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THE COSMIC CHRIST

REFORMULATING THE CLASSICAL FAITH

Published in The Furrow, April 2024

by Hilda Geraghty

The article presents an overview, in thumb-nail sketches, of new perspectives in theology as it meets today’s cosmic worldview. It offers a dynamic, holistic view of creation, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all existence. It offers the notion of a universal imperfection and the concept of a very human Christ, along with cosmic dimensions of the Eucharist. The emphasis on unity, collective consciousness, and the need for a goal to energize the world lead to a hope-filled conclusion.

Theology is a vast field of study, but at the cutting edge its perspectives are beginning to embrace the newly-discovered dimensions of reality.  Interdisciplinary approaches, where science and faith embrace, are revealing a beautiful and unifying story that is hope-inspiring and energising for the human task of building the world, even as it offers us breathtaking vistas for worship.  When the ground under them moves from static to dynamic, and expands to almost infinite space-time, the core Christian mysteries of Creation, Fall, Incarnation, Redemption, Resurrection and Pleroma, become transposable like melodies into a new key, without losing anything of their integrity.

A TRANSFORMED VIEW OF CREATION

The first of these is the new perspective on creation, which, as we now know, began in deep time, around fourteen billion years ago.  The history of the universe, from elementary quantum particles generated in the ‘big bang’ to the furthest reaches of space, is one single vast process, that is, one great story.  The result is that we have moved from a human-centred view of creation, where we saw ourselves as Lords and Masters of a static world, to a cosmic awareness in which we are one part of a great unfolding story. Teilhard de Chardin writes:

“Humankind is not the centre of the universe, as we once thought in our simplicity, but something much more wonderful- the arrow pointing the way to the final unification of the world in terms of life.  The human alone constitutes the last-born, the freshest, the most complicated, the most subtle of all the successive layers of life.” (1)

THE WHOLE GREATER THAN ITS PARTS

The beauty of this cosmic story is that it hangs together as a whole.  We now realise that nothing or no one exists on its own. Creation is a Whole, and is greater than the sum of its parts.  Moreover, this cosmic story is dynamic, in a continuous movement of development, known as evolution. Creation is on-going.

There is a basic oneness about the nature of reality itself:  matter and energy are now seen as different forms of the same thing, and energy is a form of spirit.  “Foundational to the quantum worldview is the perception that everything in creation is energy.  It is all that is- and everything that is.  Empty space is full of creative energy; the perceived emptiness is actually a fulness.“ (2)

The universe is actually a spiritual reality, and we no longer divide it into such categories as spiritual and material, sacred and secular, superior and inferior.  All of creation is holy, and all our lives can be holy when lived in deep cooperation with the Whole.

THE CREATIVE BREATH OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

These advances in creation theology focus with new appreciation on the Holy Spirit, the creative Breath of God, who continually brings all things into being. We understand the Holy Spirit “as the primary manifestation of the divine in our earthly-human awareness, and as the first intuitive and mystical insight into the meaning of God.” (3) The great Holy Spirit has always breathed life into creation from the beginning of time, and the human calling is now seen as co-creating with the Spirit. “God does not so much make things as make them make themselves.” (4) The immanence of God in the world is being freshly appreciated, drawing us into deeper intimacy with the Divine Presence in all things.   Pope Francis reminds us that “If the universe unfolds in God, who fills it completely … there is a mystical meaning to be found in a leaf, in a mountain trail, in a dewdrop, in a poor person’s face.”  (5)

THE DEEP INCARNATION OF CHRIST

In this awesome perspective theologians are coming to describe the Christ event as ‘Deep Incarnation’.  Jesus is not seen as coming to the universe ‘from outside’, as it were, but that, like every other life form, he too in his human nature emerges organically from nature’s deep time as a Homo Sapiens, made of star dust and fruit of aeons of development.  The birth of Christ is the whole reason for the world to exist, and the growth of Christ is its business.  In the words of Teilhard de Chardin: 

“God did not will individually the sun, the earth, plants, or humanity.  God willed His Christ.  And in order to have Christ, God had to create the spiritual world and humanity in particular, upon which Christ might germinate.  And to have humanity God had to launch the vast process of organic life which is an essential organ of the world.  And the birth of that organic life called for the entire cosmic turbulence…” (6) A little later he continues “…Christ is so engrained in the visible world that Christ could henceforth be torn away from it only by rocking the foundations of the universe.” (7)

UNIVERSAL IMPERFECTION

In the new perspectives the understanding of ‘original sin’ morphs from being a once-off choice by an initial pair of humans that somehow blighted everyone, to the defective state of a species, a whole world still in formation, still unfinished.  It can be seen as universal imperfection, or a slowness to make the effort to evolve further.  In that view, the story of Adam and Eve illustrates our on-going reality: it is a portrait of human nature, of people still on their way to God, who do not want to listen to their conscience (‘voice of God’).  Paradise lies up ahead at the term of our collective evolution, rather than lost behind us in an actual past history. “Evolution is a laborious process… of trying things out, so that disaster, pain, suffering and death necessarily go with it.  In a world of this sort evil is no accident… It is an essential aspect of an evolutionary process which has to pick its way through a maze of errors and misplaced efforts. Since God willed to create a world that must grow to its completion via an evolution, imperfection and evil were bound to occur in this creation.  It could not be otherwise.” (8)

IN WHAT SENSE A SAVIOUR?

Because evil is so endemic, the world stands in radical need of salvation.  Salvation by Christ therefore also has cosmic dimensions.  In this context ‘salvation’ means that humanity, individually and collectively, is brought on-course in the evolutionary journey, as opposed to getting derailed and failing to reach our fulfilment in God (Omega). Through incarnating in this world Jesus, the Divine Human, inevitably meets this shadow side of creation and, as we would expect him to, tackles it head on.  However he does so in a totally counter-intuitive way.  In him evil meets love and is defeated by it, the only energy capable of doing so.  

John the Baptist had defined Jesus as the Lamb of God, -not the Lion, or the Bull, or the Eagle,  but the Lamb, gentle and vulnerable.  In his passion and death Jesus stands before us as God’s sign, the One sent by God, as he self-identified at his trial before the Sanhedrin and before the world.  By accepting and suffering the cross we imposed on him, Jesus places Godself in the position to forgive sin, since to forgive something you must have suffered it.  He thus restores the relationship between God and our repentant selves. As the Lamb who forgives the sins of the world Jesus makes evolution his cause and becomes its very soul, leading the human race forward through love towards a mysterious destiny. This will be when humanity finally unifies in love, focused on Omega-God.  This process too is on-going.  Repenting-forgiving love is what repairs the ever-breaking, ever-wounding, ever-falling Whole on its journey, and Jesus calls his followers in turn to channel this healing energy into life at all levels.  

Relationality is key.  In the new perspectives ‘sin’ is seen as letting down the Whole, in my/our patch of reality by damaging or breaking relationships in a multitude of ways. ‘Hell’ is the fact that there is nowhere good to go if a person breaks away from the Whole through serious unrepented wrongdoing.  ‘Holiness’ is personal evolution into love, as individuals grow towards Omega.  ‘Heaven’ begins now as we live love, sharing the mission of the Lamb. 

THE RESSURECTION OF CHRIST

The resurrection is God’s great sign, vindicating Jesus’ claim to be indeed the One sent by God, and the victory of love over evil.  It shows that to love, repent and forgive are wisdom, not foolishness.   In the risen flesh of Christ matter has become spiritualised, pointing to a future resurrection of all in Christ, when heaven and earth are drawn into union, the mysterious pleroma [fulness, completion].  “And I will raise them up on the last day.”  (Jn 6, 52) This, then, will complete the unfinished story. So, with proper balance, the Christ event is seen not only as repairing broken relationships, but as leading this world towards its final fulfilment in a love that converges in Omega.  “The essence of Christianity is nothing more or less than a belief in the world’s coming to be one in God, through the taking of human nature by Christ.” (9)

THE VERY HUMAN CHRIST

The Incarnation of Christ enacts the supreme meaning of the universe, and yet Jesus, the Divine Human, is not lost as an individual in this vast perspective.  By living normally for ninety per cent of his short life, working for eighteen of his thirty-three years at his carpenter’s bench, Jesus is seen as endorsing our human vocation to build the earth through work.  The new theology reclaims the complete life of Jesus, and not only his public life, because his whole life builds the Kingdom of God.  Long in coming, we are now allowed to love the world, the Whole, as God’s creation, and to engage with it passionately in all walks of life as we seek to progress God’s Kingdom here on earth.  The whole Church now fully recognises the dignity and holiness of the lay vocation to build this world according to Christ’s values, doing a good job.  However, we do not forget that “If undertaken in pliant surrender, the pursuit of Christ in the world culminates logically in an impassioned enfolding, heavy with sorrow, in the arms of the Cross.”  (10)

Dutch theologian N.M Wildiers writes, “It is precisely because we live in a world which is under construction that our labour takes on a new value and a capital importance. The human task coincides exactly with the duty to carry out the great work of evolution and guide it to completion…  Teilhard urges us to go beyond every form of secularism by including the values of the earth in a Christocentric vision of the world.” (11)

The new theology also underpins the new worldwide ecological movement, a love-energy arising almost too late.  In this way Christianity moves beyond spiritual individualism to collectively empower us to build a better world, as it is called to do.  (In so doing, of course, we will find that ‘our souls have been saved’.)  In the words of Teilhard:

“Eating, drinking, working, seeking; creating beauty, or truth, or happiness- all these things could have seemed to us just like varied activities… Now, directed towards the Super-Christ, the variety draws itself together.  Like the countless shades that combine in nature to produce a single white light, so the infinite modes of action are fused, without being confused, into one single colour under the mighty power of the universal Christ. And it is love that heads this movement: love…the higher, universal and synthesised form of spiritual energy in which all the other energies of the soul are transformed and redirected, once they fall within the field of Omega.  In that centre every activity is amorised.  A super-humankind calls for a Super-Christ.  A Super-Christ calls for a Super-Charity.” (12)

THE COSMIC EUCHARIST

Within the new perspectives our understanding of the Eucharist, centre of our faith, also grows naturally to cosmic dimensions.  As Pope St John Paul writes,

” I have been able to celebrate Holy Mass in chapels built along mountain paths, on lakeshores and seacoasts… This varied scenario of celebrations of the Eucharist has given me a powerful experience of its universal and, so to speak, cosmic character. Yes, cosmic! Because even when it is celebrated on the humble altar of a country church, the Eucharist is always in some way celebrated on the altar of the world. It unites heaven and earth. It embraces and permeates all creation. The Son of God became man in order to restore all creation, in one supreme act of praise, to the One who made it from nothing.” (13)

Pope St John Paul might almost have been quoting from Teilhard’s Mass on the World, a text treasured by many, that par excellence celebrates its cosmic outreach into the whole of creation:

[After the consecration] “Once again the [divine] Fire has entered the Earth.

Without earthquake or thunderclap the Flame has lit up the whole world

from within.  All things are individually and collectively penetrated and flooded by it, from the inmost core of the tiniest atom……to the mighty sweep of the most universal laws of being…

In the new humanity which is begotten today the Word prolongs the unending act of his own birth.  And through his immersion in the world’s womb……the great waters of the kingdom of matter have, without even a ripple, been endowed with life.

No visible tremor marks this transformation beyond words, and yet mysteriously and in all truth, at the touch of the super-substantial Word…the immense host that is the universe is made flesh through your own incarnation, my God. …We are all of us together carried in the one world-womb, …yet each of us is our own little microcosm in which the Incarnation is wrought independently, with degrees of intensity.” (14)

How inspiring and meaningful liturgical texts will be when they incorporate something of this new cosmic language!  The universe itself will be made into an instrument resounding with the praise of Christ! 

TOWARDS THE FUTURE

The new perspectives intuit, tentatively, the course of evolution as we hurtle towards the future faster than many of us would like.  Despite living through two world wars (the first experienced at length as a stretcher-bearer on the front lines of battle), Teilhard continued to believe in the power of life to keep moving forward, a movement that would ultimately lead towards a unity of humankind.  An ever-increasing convergence was the feature he highlighted, as, through technology, our minds grow ever closer together into a living, collective consciousness,  both for better and also, as yet, for worse.   “We are gathered here as one big tribe and earth is the tent we all live in,” said Morgan Freeman as he opened the Men’s Football World Cup in 2023.   We must all learn to live together constructively or we will perish together. 

A goal is needed to energise us with hope. “The greatest event in the history of the earth, now taking place, may indeed be the gradual discovery, by those with eyes to see, not merely of Some Thing but of Some One at the peak of the evolving universe as it converges upon itself.” (15)

In other words, the Christian view sees the whole of history as an ascent of the world toward its fulfilment in Christ.  This cosmic vision is classic St Paul:

“His purpose He set forth in Christ, as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in Him, things in heaven and things on earth.”  (Eph1:9-10)

NEWLY RELEVANT   

As the Christian faith learns to accommodate these new cosmic perspectives, it finds itself regaining the relevance it has been gradually losing over the past three centuries.  It sounds real!  Most importantly, it invests the life of the laity with new dignity, holiness and purpose. They are building the values of Christ into the workings of this world,  doing God’s will “on earth as it is in heaven.”  The strength of this approach comes from its unified vision: God’s work is one, a single reality, and it generates a deeply holistic and refreshing spirituality.  For Christians there is no longer any conflict between science as it reveals material reality, and faith in Christ, Alpha and Omega of everything.  “A road is opening up: to make our way to heaven through earth…It [Christianity] is the very religion of evolution.” (16) This new story offers a horizon of hope for our troubled times.  

This renewed faith needs to make its way into every place where ‘traditional’ (static, dualistic, individualistic, oblivious to the universe) Christian faith is celebrated, prayed, sung, preached, taught, explored and transmitted to others.  There is a huge task of theological education to be done, a new ‘language’ to be learned, an evolutionary path to be trodden.  At the same time, of course, a broad education in cosmology is needed to underpin it.

The strength gained from drawing these two visions of science and the Christian faith into a single worldview will be phenomenal for the Christian life!  This faith can enable the Church to once more lead people of today and tomorrow into living as befits their responsibilities to the Divine Mystery, to each other and to the universe.  To conclude with the words of Ilia Delio, of the Christogenesis Center for developing Teilhardian thinking: “If we can imagine a new wholeness emerging through science and religion and developing renewed institutional systems for human flourishing, then can we realise a new type of planetary community.  The only way to predict the future is to create it, and the power to do so will come from those who are unbounded in love.” (17)

For more articles on Teilhard see: @teilharddechardinforall.com

REFERENCES

(1) Teilhard de Chardin: The Phenomenon of Man, p 224, translated by Bernard wall.  New York: Harper Perennial Modern Thought, 2008.

(2) Diarmuid O’Murchú,  MSC, Doing Theology in an Evolutionary Way, p 12. Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY. 2021.

(3) Ibid. p 95.

(4) T. de C., Towards the Future, p 125. Translated by René Hague, New York, Harcourt, 2002.

(5) Laudate Deum, 65.

(6) T.de C., Science and Christ, p 61, translated by René Hague, New York, Harper & Row, 1968.

(7) Ibid.., p 61.

(8) An Introduction to Teilhard de Chardin, N. M. Wildiers. P.143.  Collins. Fontana Books, London and harper & Row, New York 1968.

(9) T.de C. L’Énergie Humaine, p 113 Oeuvres VI.

(10) T.de C. Writings in Time of War, p 61, Tr, René Hague, New York: Harper & Row, 1968.

(11) N. M. Wildiers in the Foreword to Christianity and Evolution, by Teilhard de Chardin,  Orlando, new York, London, A Harvest Book, Harcourt Inc. First Harvest Edition 1974. P. 11, 13.

(12) T. de C., Science and Christ, p 170, translated by René Hague, New York, Harper & Row, 1968.

(13) Ecclesia de Eucharistia, April 17, 2003.

(14) T. de C., The Mass on the World, published in The Heart of Matter, p 123 translated by René Hague, A Harvest Book, Harcourt Inc.  San Diego, New York, London.

(15) T. de C., The Future of Man, p 293 Translated by Norman Denny. Collins. Fontana Books, London and Harper and Row, New York, 1964.

(16) T. de C., Christianity and Evolution, p 93. Tr. R. Hague. A Harvest Book, Harcourt, Inc. Orlando, New York, London. 1974.

(17) Ilia Delio, 23 Dec 2023, on a promotional email for the Christogenesis centre in America.

The Incarnational Cosmic Christ, Part 1

The Incarnational Cosmic Christ

PART 1

by R.E. Slater

I am going to begin a concentrated discourse of process philosophy which must necessarily take us into a great many fields of study. After fifteen years of forging 1) a new path for Christianity and 2) for faithful Christians to explore-and-consider (see The Calf Path of an Open, Discerning Faith which I wrote in November of 2012) I believe it's time to double down and give even greater root to this new directional assignment encumbering my heart. Roots which are both philosophical and theological.

Incarnational

I titled this post here "The Incarnational Christ" which means to me that the God who became man, and lived as a man, within the world of his creation, has transformed God's Self from "what-ness" to "being-ness." Now perhaps my ontology is wrong and God has always been a Cosmic Being of some sort but where it concerns humanity, I can easily make the case that God has furthered God's Being-ness by God's transforming human incarnation into this world we inhabit. (As an aside, God's Being-ness has ever been... God's Incarnation is making this fact evident to humans here.) 

Cosmic

By "Cosmic" I mean to assert that God as Christ was always existent and will always be existent. That as Creator, Christ must be as cosmic as Christ is Incarnational. That neither diminishes the other but significantly expands and expounds the other. If Christ is not Creator-God than Christ is less a cosmic Being than is understood.

Christ

Lastly, by "Christ" I mean "the Son of God" who is at the right hand of the Father and in fellowship with the Father and the Spirit. Though I prefer for simplicity's sake to think of God as One the bible and tradition seem to imply their is a tri-partness to God's Being... that of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. In essence, this speaks to me of relationship, experience, and presence.

Process

Not inconsequentially then does process philosophy and theology insist on the same qualities of panrelationalism, panexperientialisim and panpsychism all bound up in one cosmic ontological presence. Thus my attraction to process thought as it correlates quite nicely with traditional Christianity - and, might I add, other interrelated religious touchstones (sic, interfaith commonalities)

Conclusion

And so, I believe I am going to settle in and think through how a post-structural, metamodern, radically processual Christian faith might live and breath underneath it's verbiage. When I look at a healthy field of grasses and wildflowers swaying together under a small breeze, seeing, smelling, feeling within it its greenery and colours, I assume there resides healthy, complex ecosystem of roots. But should I dig those roots up I could further explore what makes the field of grasses and wildflowers so beautiful in its expanse and vibrancy.

Here, I intend to look at my process faith root-and-all, small-and-large, heartbeat-and-body, soul-and-spirit, as an expression of the God I love in correlation with process philosophy and theology. Now for those readers who want an expositional bible study they will need to go elsewhere... perhaps in my earlier discussions over the years; but here, I intend to use philosophical dialogue in conjunction with theological ideas so that your and my Christian faith not wilt under the intemperate suns of human ideologies conflicting this same faith. Why?

Because my theological faith built on loving ethics and community needs a bit more depth in order to breathe. I need to test it out a bit more... or help it extend and expand a bit more... into societal thinking. This project then is my missional project to the world of inter-religious and Christian faith. My request is to pray for the Spirit's continued enlightenment to dissect, discern, direct, discover, and help determine a healthy expression of God's announcement in Christ:

"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life". - John 3.16

Peace,

R.E. Slater

March 28, 2025

"For God so loved the world...": This phrase highlights the profound and extensive love God has for humanity.

"...that he gave his only Son...": This emphasizes God's ultimate sacrifice, offering his Son, Jesus, as a means of salvation. 

"...that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life": This outlines the consequence of faith in Jesus: eternal life, not death.

R.E. Slater Shorts - Let's Talk About Process Theology v Universalism

I guess I am doing a little advertising for Pete Enns, but I like the guy and think he and his organization can be helpful to Christians looking to grow beyond their faith borders held in check by traditional church dogmas.

I also think Pete is personally exploring process theology while continuing to lean into progressive evangelical theology. I get the latter as it would be the direction I would choose if I hadn't discovered John Cobb et al's process theology built upon Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy many years earlier when building out this blog/website.

My journey began when concluding my lay ministeries and joining a new fellowship known as Mars Hill led by Rob Bell. Here was spoken a progressive (emergent, or emerging) evangelical gospel as a positive outbreak from the more staid forms of Christian traditionalism I had grown up with. Years later, after Rob had left for California, I realized I needed a new philosophic-theology beyond the one I had inherited from my Baptist roots.

So when deciding to write about my faith journey as I left my classical roots to explore a more progressive (westernized) theology I early on stumbled across (i.e., was providentially led by the Holy Spirit) into what has now become for me the more superior form of theology based upon Whitehead's process philosophy of organism. It became the philosophic-theological base I was seeking and naturally held at it's core God's love, equality of justice, personal liberty within a encorporated democracy, and charitable relations to all.

Before my discovery I was comparatively researching the analytical (~ formula-based) traditions of Christian systematics to the narratival approaches of continental thought. In so doing I realized I could take the art of story telling towards a more thematic approach of the bible which I could then layer on my inductive bible training. And as I did I eventually discovered process philosophy and theology which, like Bartian theology, seems more of a bridge between American and European thinking, or a mediating third way, if you well.

Here were some of my observations back then:

Firstly, process theology naturally comports with the quantum evolutionary sciences which is beginning to abandon its mechanical world of parts-and-pieces for an ever evolving, processual creation when realizing the universe's highly connective and relational cosmology acting more like a "living" organism than as an interconnected system of scientific laws and working parts.

Secondly, process thought helps me extend Jesus as Atoning Savior/God to non-westernized regions of the world, such as the Middle-Eastern and Eastern religions of Asia which look at the world we live in processually. Thus, Whitehead's western-based process philosophy is highly connective to the Muslim and Hindu faiths thus providing an extended metaphysical framework of "common ground" wherein I might describe God and salvation in processual terms rather than in stiff formulaic and non-relational systematic terms.

And thirdly, I find process theology simply works better with my earlier Reformed theology (as I suspect it will with all other forms of Christianity). That is, the Hellenised theology of the New Testament is steeped in Greek Platonic thought forms which give to us a clock-like, mechanical universe reduced to its parts (sic, Newton, Kant, Descartes, etc). Whereas Whitehead picked up Hegel's earlier cosmological insights to re-establish a far more ancient cosmology before the Greeks. One which is far more ancient describing creation as a living complex of organic panrelational, panexperiential, and panpsychic ontological primary elements which are irreducibly One. Thid is retold )or, narrated) again and again over the eons by the ancients in their paleo-stories of God, creation, redemption, provision, and beauty. In essence, creation is irreducibly and complexly One which may further be described as a living, evolving, processual organism.

Lastly, for those more interested in process theology (which is, in its heart, or core structures, naturally "progressive") than in progressive versions of westernized evangelical theology, I would suggest Tripp Fuller's Homebrewed websites as the primary place to go to re-form one's progressive thoughts besides readings in Cobb and Whitehead. Moreover, both he and Pete Enns are loosely working together from their differing approaches to the Christian faith. Tripp from his own Baptist roots and Pete from his evangelical inheritance.

I think this newly forming fellowship between the two can be greatly helpful to progressive Christians looking for a more organic theology than the present westernized Platonic theology which evangelicalism is solidly martied to. Further, Tripp is highly connected to the Whiteheadian/Cobb community of process philosophers and theologians. To help, I've provided their respective websites below.

Enjoy,

R.E. Slater

September 12, 2023

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Divine Self Investment

by Tripp Fuller

https://trippfuller.com/

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Homebrewed Christianity

by Tripp Fuller

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSEzrfWmwQaLdnA5XarVomg

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UNIVERSAL SALVATION IS NOT MODERN

Universal Salvation in Historical and Systematic Perspective.

by Pete Enns

Fall Classroom, 2023

https://thebiblefornormalpeople.com/summerschool/#universalsalvation

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The "S" Word

What Sin Is & How It Has Infiltrated Our Systems

by Pete Enns

Fall Classroom, 2023

https://thebiblefornormalpeople.com/classes/the-s-word/?mc_cid=5ea3228a02&mc_eid=6bdc0b206b

R.E. Slater Shorts

Let's Talk About

Process Theology v Universalism

My "Shorts" are given as one-offs which I'm thinking about on any given topic of the day which I may have come across in my daily readings. Hopefully they spark another way of thinking  about a subject whether light-hearted or heavy. - re slater

My view on universalism is quite a bit different though it probably gets me to the same conclusion as universalism. But I'd rather approach the story of God's love from a processual gospel standpoint than from a westernized version of systematic theology. In the process approach God is love and will lovingly interact with all of creation in every way possible without circumventing creational agency or freewill. As creation bears the "Imago Dei" of God it thus bears all the ability to bless; to recreate thriving communities; and to enrich generative acts of love across everything around itself. But when not enacting our very creational NATURE (which is not sin but LOVE) than it's consequential actions will not bless, nor create generative thriving, nor enrich. In Whiteheadian-based process theology, a loving God's embeddedness of God's divine Being into creation allows for pancessual evolutionary growth of love against the self - or self will - which inhabits nature's soul and is BASED on LOVE not sin (re: processual pan-en-theism NOT Eastern pantheism). Quite obviously, this approach has removed the classic approach of traditional theism which leans into God's transcendence much harder than it does God's immanence to God's creation. Without denying God's "Otherness" process theology speaks to God's incessant, necessary immanence across all westernized doctrines of abondoness, juegment, separation, and errant beliefs of Divine Holiness. Love than is the coin with two halves... It is why we all have agency and also the reason we yearn to enact beauty... but it is also the curse which pains our souls when we can not, or do not, and which enflames the sin and evil WE do (not God) from the broken mirror of Love's passionate side.

Dante's Divine Comedy in B&W Woodcuts

In contrast, the western doctrine of universalism describes hell as a present condition and not a present expectation of the Christian gospel. It is often depicted in the Dantian description of purgatory in his book, the "Divine Comedy," which shows to readers the horrors their souls would go through if they did not obey God's laws nor live righteously (thus promoting Christian legalism and prideful holiness). And because of Calvinism, though other non-Reformed approaches are likewise as guilty (Wesleyanism, Lutheran, Methodism, Catholicism, Eastern and Russian Orthodoxy), we blame the world condition upon a controlling God determined to enact His will upon all the earth. Consequently, we get divine imprecations throughout the biblical narrative of living up to our contractual obligations under God's covenants or else suffer the consequences of our unfaithful sin and evil. Of course, this would be a gross misreading of the covenants as the Abrahamic beautiful shows salvation as unconditionally laid upon us upon the surety of God's Self who walks through the sacrificial halves; or the Davidic assuring of blessed reign and peace when the godly lead their flocks towards truth and beauty; or the promise of landed communities inhabiting enculturated regions on the earth which may enact the love of God in their own way; or even dramatically in the Cross covenant of "sacrificial selfless service" to others underlaid by Jesus' atoning resurrection and dramatic revelation of God's everlasting love.

Article link - I've followed Ben Corey over the years and like his thinking. His brief article may be helpful in thinking through the more typical approach to Universalism.

Lastly, Westernised "universalism" seeks to delimit and rebound (e.g., as in re-circumscribe theological borders) the prognosticated afterlife of hell (and purgatory for some faiths) by arguing that the Love of God Wins. Or that Jesus Wins. Which is all true in process theology. But unlike process theology, progressive Christian theolgy is trying to heal its systematic doctrines upon Platonic philosophies which are neither processual, pancessual, or center in theologies of love. Remaking a pig by putting lipstick on it won't be enough. The entire affair of Western dogma has to be uprooted and replaced upon Whitehead's process philosophy of organism in order to be able to live up to the God of Love whom we are worshipping on creaky traditional church platforms weeping with theological holes throughout its substructures.

R.E. Slater

September 12, 2023

PS - I forgot to mention that process-based panentheism is inherently combinatory , or re-connective as a processual teleology embedded in God's love. Hence, process theology really doesn't have an eschatology but a teleology which assumes that Jesus in the processual reconnector to a "broken" creation burdened with an agency inclined towards blessing but plagued with unloving responses against it's very ontological structure. You may read more on my website.

PSS - For the process few out there I would welcome further written observation beyond my mere attempts to describe the why's and wherefore's of a westernized religious system that is flawed and unable to work in a postmodern, post-Christian cultural context. Moreover, I find process theology to be able to morph with the times ahead much as the church has used Hellenised/Platonic thought to do the same over the past 2000 years. Thx.

PSSS - My typical (Calvinistic) Reformed soteriological chart in my non-process days focused on the Work & Sufficiency of Christ. Below may be more of a Wesleyan approach emphasizing the importance of a faith verified by it's works lest it simply exists as a useless, or meaningless, faith that "indwells" with "expelling" God's love in action.

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THE MILESES

Paul and Olena Miles with Grace Abroad Ministries

WORKS-UNIVERSALISM:

CONTRADICTION OR MIDDLE GROUND?

article link

April 28, 2022

We have developed a quadrant model for describing soteriological compromises. The biblical message of salvation is summarized as Faith Alone in Christ Alone (FACA). Two ways to reject this are by rejecting the sufficiency of FACA or the necessity of FACA. Each of these two sides has differing extremes: On the side that rejects sufficiency, a near alternative is Works-Assisted Condition while a distant alternative is Works-Assisted Merit; on the side that rejects necessity, a near alternative is Christian Pluralism while a distant alternative is Christian Universalism.

Not every soteriological view fits squarely in one of these quadrants. Sometimes, there are middle ground views. For example, a Christian Pluralist could say that works are a condition for salvation, such that all “good” Catholics and all “good” Protestants are saved. This view is extremely popular among Evangelicals. It gives a nod to some necessity of belief about Jesus, but in the end, it shifts the object of faith from Christ to self.

Another middle ground that believers need to know about is between Works-Assisted Merit and Christian Universalism. These two extremes at first seem to be contradictory. How can someone believe that everyone is saved while still saying he needs to earn his salvation? Since Universalism is so anti-biblical, it does not have a coherent hermeneutic and therefore comes in many forms. Some forms of Universalism redefine hell in a way that puts them in a Works-Universalism middle-ground.

Hell is a real place. The Bible speaks about hell in the plainest terms. Jesus talked about the rich man going to the torments of hell (Luke 16:19–31). John’s Revelation tells us that the day will come when hell will be emptied and its occupants will be judged and transferred to the Lake of Fire for eternity (Rev. 20:11–15). Universalists abandon grammatical-historical hermeneutics when reading about hell. One move that is becoming popular is to spiritualize hell into a current experience. Instead of hell being a real place that the unregenerate will go to after they die, it is a spiritual kingdom here and now. Since hell is already, then it will not be future and everyone will be with Jesus in the end… or at least this is what some Universalists are saying.

Suppose we have a drug addict living miserably on the street. The Biblicist realizes that this man’s greatest need is to believe in Christ for eternal life (if he hasn’t already). This addict was born spiritually dead and on a path to hell. He will eventually spend eternity separate from God if he does not get saved. This is everyone’s greatest need. The Biblicist would love for him to abandon his lifestyle and become a productive member of a local church—but this is a matter of discipleship, not salvation. The addict can turn his life around and live happily without Christ, but even then, he would still lack his greatest need: eternal life. To the Universalist, there is no final separation from God, so “hell” is the lifestyle that the addict is living now. He does not need to believe in Jesus; he just needs to change his lifestyle. He needs to stop doing drugs and start doing what makes him happy. It is all about works here and now.

In that way of thinking, if someone is miserable now then he is in hell now. In the drug addiction example, for someone to get out of “hell,” he needs to clean up his life. See how salvation from hell suddenly becomes a works-merit system? The Universalist of this stripe teaches that everyone will be with God eventually, but they still teach a works-merit salvation from hell because they have redefined hell in a way that fits with self-righteousness.

There are several trends in evangelicalism today that are making people susceptible to these theological moves, so the modern believer needs to be aware of these maneuvers so he can protect himself and others from these dangerous doctrines. Long story short, if someone starts to spiritualize hell, then beware of hidden self-righteousness.

My First Chats with the Internet using OpenAI's CHATGPT

We’ve trained an artificial intelligence model called ChatGPT to interact in a conversational way. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer followup questions, admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests. ChatGPT is a sibling model to InstructGPT, which is trained to follow an instruction in a prompt and provide a detailed response. - Open AI

My first question to the Internest using OpenAI's CHATGPT:

#1 Explain how Whiteheadian Process Theology is relevant to the subject of Christology - R.E. Slater, January 28, 2023

"Whiteheadian Process Theology is a philosophical theology that emphasizes the ongoing, dynamic nature of reality and the ongoing, creative activity of God in the world. In terms of Christology, Whiteheadian Process Theology emphasizes the ongoing, dynamic nature of the relationship between God and humanity, and the ongoing, creative activity of God in the world through the person and work of Jesus Christ. This understanding of Christology emphasizes the ongoing, transformative power of Christ's life and teachings, rather than seeing him as a static, historical figure. Additionally, Whiteheadian Process Theology emphasizes the idea that Christ is not only the revelation of God, but also the means by which God continues to reveal and transform the world." - The Internet, seconds after asking my question

#2 Explain how process theology is different from traditional theology - R.E. Slater, January 28, 2023

Process theology is a theological perspective that emphasizes the ongoing evolution and change in the nature of God and the universe. It views God as a constantly changing and evolving being who is in a process of becoming, rather than as a fixed, unchanging entity. This is in contrast to traditional theology, which often portrays God as a fixed, unchanging being who is outside of the universe and not affected by it.

Process theology also emphasizes the importance of the universe's processes and the role of human beings and other entities in shaping the world and the divine.

It also emphasizes the idea that God is not all-knowing and all-powerful, but rather limited in his knowledge and power. - The Internet, seconds after asking my question

 

*My response to Statement 3 is why review of CHATGPT's statements is required. My revised statement here is that when speaking of God in process terms we speak to God's "self-limitation" by divine fiat not of God's inabilities. However, a truer reply is that my statement is false and that God's love allows for all kinds of responses from a freewill creation. That God created by love before God did by fiat - that God's fiat is always subservient to God's love.

As a freewill Being, God imputed God's Self into creation, and by this imputation came God's freewill love. Hence, God's Self- limitations are not limitations at all but how love works. It does not control. It does not demand. It does not direct.

Further, God's Love flows as an energizing force throughout creation and as an inner divine force, "just is". "Is" doesn't require any qualifications. "Is" is God and "Is" is us.

Love is as Love does... and Love does as Love is. - res

And remember, passion is the other half of Love's coin. By passion we can do evil things: individuals, nations, churches, communities, organizations, businesses. It is how a processual cosmos behaves in its ontological "becoming" - both its good it's and bad overtures to life's symphony.

R.E. Slater, January 28, 2023

Transforming Old Wineskins...

to New Wineskins...

My Theological Review of

OpenAI's CHATGPT Response

by R.E. Slater

January 28, 2023

Overall, its answers to my two questions were immediate, relevant, and to the point. However, I had asked it a trick question. The first to summarize a fathomless subject. And the second to trip it up. All-in-all I think we time and acuity this can become a very helpful research too. - res

LET'S EXAMINE MY FIRST QUESTION

I hope to utilize Artificial Intelligence more often in the future in my research and reports. When I do I will notate my use of OpenAI's CHATGPT as opposed to my own writings. In doing so I'm hoping to find the pith of relevance between process philosophy and theology with traditional Christianity which sits upon a plethora of non-process paradigms. Paradigms which require deep extraction and expansion.

The idea of God; of God's activities and agendas; of God's intimate participation with creation and our lives; of God's redeeming, loving, atoning actions; and of our many earthy responses to this God, has shown itself to be a complicated historical and present subjective-objective existential array of good-and-bad responses by man to one another and creation itself.

Process theology is based on how our organic world and socio-eco societies work. We see processual cycles and results reflected again and again in the bible though usually unobserved by the bible's own narratives and Western church theologies.

Process is how the world works. A process-based cosmology and metaphysics of ontology attempts to capture the profoundly-formative nature of God and creation into a resulting processual philosophy and theology made the more meaningful to the world we live in, and lying about us, when understanding its rhythms... and seeing its harmonies... as we learn to "go with the flow" of God and creation.

Overall, one might say Whitehead's process thought (originally called the "process of organism") is all about symbiance (cooperative unions) and holism (personal and communal intersections with self, others and nature). Or in the Chinese/Japanese ?Korean parlances of "balance and rhythm" as reflected by their cultures. But it also is far deeper than those simplified observations... which is why the branches of cosmological metaphyics and ontological theologies, among other derivatives, has arisen through the late 20th century and into today's metamodern era.

It provides promise to religious bodies and religious people that we can act more humanely to one another. More charitably and wisely. That the faiths we carry have relevancy in this world and to those around us when leaning into the love-and-peace paradigms of wholeness and being. Of Beings who are Becoming... more than they are... more as intended by God's Self in God's creational manifestations. When doing so we, as a freewill species, and within our internal being, may find deeper resonance with life, the universe, and God's purpose in this world.

SOME CENTRAL IDEAS OF PROCESS THOUGHT

• Process Thought is a very real reality with the deep promise to value all things as they are;

• It's difference as an applied philosophy is to regenerate and rejuvenate all things about us... itself a mirror image of how God and the cosmos themselves work and function;

• That each living community of communities is filled with loving potential and ability;

• That it recognizes value in difference;

• That it seeks to build peace into all relationships around us;

• And to know that what we see-and-feel by a life-generating metaphysic such as a process pholosophic-theology is speaking to the very vibe which moves God to be God;

• A vibe which tells us the becoming of God, and the cosmos, and ourselves, is a natural socio-eco-spirit evolution of life around us;

• That a processual cosmology is a deeply connected and intertwined panrelational, panexperiential, and panpsychic process between the parts and wholes of God's cosmic universe.

In other words, process theology is simply describing the Christ-event of the bible, but when doing so leaning into all processual forms of this cosmically salvific event rather than the traditional Christian forms which emphasis other observations out-of-sync with the nature and being of God and God's cosmos.

A process-metaphysic is no will-o'-the wisp series of Westernized Platonisms, Aristotelian-Scholastic thoughts, or Classic Enlightenment/Modernal philosophies whether European/Continental or American; all of which seem to argue for various forms of stoicism, legalism, isolationalism, or conformal doctrines of a militarised church socially, economically, politically, and ecologically.

And though Whitehead was seeking to recapture the processual propositions of past philosophers from earlier ages as far back as early religions and non-Hellenised Greek thinking, what his student John Cobb saw in it was a process theology for peace, goodness, and life-generating responses to all errant processes which are devolving forms of processual life changes. 

Process theology then seeks to underline the goodness and love of a life-generating God fully involved in life-atoning-and-redeeming all becoming events towards beautify, wholeness, and solidarity back to itself. To essential "come back into tune" with creation's generative teleology.

And though traditional Christianity says its "all these things" we plainly see that it has not been "all these things" to either man nor beast, stream or wood, communities of difference and communities of others. More rather, traditional Christianity has been and continues to become unholistic to the cosmos around us; harmfully deterministic in its exploitation and oppression to all things its comes in contact with; and deeply "unbiblical" in it's propositions of who God is and isn't in it's estimation. Which means like Christian's professed Savior, the church itself must repent and re-confess what it's all about by getting it's practices, attitudes, behaviors, creeds, and dogmas back in tune with the God they attest but do not know.

CONCLUSION

Lastly, process theology reflects Jesus' atonement as it's divine event is reflected back upon itself to the very "Life-giving" nature of our Loving God indwelling all hearts and world about us. God's atoning and redeeming work at Calvary is but part-and-parcel of life's creational beauty and essence. We see in it cute little puppies, babies, hobbies, and projects of unity all around us. The processual revolution of Jesus' Love speaks to the functional revolution going on about us though we see it not nor live it as we should.

The Cross then was a deep signifier by God of what life consists of around us. Divine-Life is the continual renewal and repurposing of the Spirit-life everywhere indwelling as it wrestles with creational freewill and indetermination which confronts a freewill creational every moment of it's existence. By it's very core a freewill creation must chose life and not death. That life will always be a challenge, filled with hardships and suffering against the very things which would devolve life from it's fuller potentials. Whitehead called them profound consequential results with ongoing potentials of life-releasing generative value. The church calls them the grace and peace of Spirit-filled Living when lived in God's Love. Process calls them one-and-the-same.

That divinity sovereignty is best described as God's giving of God's very Self into the very core processes of creation's DNA. That creation - such as humanity - is plagued with choices of good and evil, sin and love. And that it feels the deep drag and pull of creation's processually generative panpsychic Cosmic Being, it's processual organism, as weighing against all within itself which is out-of-sync.

The Christ event reflects as much. We are out-of-tune with God and with ourselves even as creation is fraught with the indeterminancy of it's freewill being. And yet, the Cross of Christ reminds us that God is intimately present with us and creation in actively transforming wayward fait-accomplis back to itself and to the very meaning of restitutional redemptive processes of the God of the cosmos. (*The meaning of FAIT ACCOMPLI is a thing accomplished and presumably irreversible.)

This then is how I would interpret OpenAI's CHATGPT opening answer to my first question. It's sentences were mundane and repeatitive but got to the general point of how we might intersect the old wineskins of Christian thought to the new wineskins of processual Christology when applied to contemporary thinking today.

A very simple request to speak to how process theology might reflect the very heart of the bible's Christ event deemed by the church as the world's mid-point of salvific history. That all which led before the Cross, and all which resulted after the Cross, - in the best of senses of loving becoming - was fully reflective, instrumental, even significantly recharging, of God's Selfhood in active redemptive participation towards God's insolent, and fully becoming partnerships with creation, with ourselves, and with all those apart from ourselves.

The holograms of our universe are but a microcasm of the stated organic whole we participate within physically, spiritually, emotionally, and theistically. God not only saves all... God is fully saving all each and every moment of every day forever and forever.

Peace,

R.E. Slater

January 28, 2022

It's time for Christianity to EVOLVE!